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2 Polynomials 3 Division Algorithm of Polynomial

The document provides an explanation of the division algorithm for polynomials, including an example of dividing a polynomial and finding its quotient and remainder. It also illustrates how to find the zeroes of a polynomial using the division algorithm, with a specific example and solution. Additionally, it presents a question regarding the zeroes of a given polynomial and demonstrates how to derive the values of 'a' and 'b'.

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Sachidhanandam M
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8 views

2 Polynomials 3 Division Algorithm of Polynomial

The document provides an explanation of the division algorithm for polynomials, including an example of dividing a polynomial and finding its quotient and remainder. It also illustrates how to find the zeroes of a polynomial using the division algorithm, with a specific example and solution. Additionally, it presents a question regarding the zeroes of a given polynomial and demonstrates how to derive the values of 'a' and 'b'.

Uploaded by

Sachidhanandam M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAVODAYA VIDYALA SAMITI

NOIDA, UP

E- CONTENT
MATHEMATICS
CLASS X
CHAPTER 2

POLYNOMIALS
Division Algorithm for Polynomials
Division algorithm of polynomials

Eg. Divide p(x) =4x3- 7x2+ 10x +10 by g(x)= 4x +1 and hence
obtain the quotient and remainder.
x2 -2x + 3
4x + 1 4x3- 7x2+ 10x +10
4x3 +x2
-8x2+ 10x + 10
-8x2 - 2x
12x+ 10
12x+ 3
7
Dividend, p(x) = 4x3- 7x2+ 10x +10
Divisor, g(x) = 4x + 1
Quotient, q(x) = x2-2x + 3
Remainder, r(x) = 7
g(x) X q(x) + r(x) =( 4x + 1) (x2-2x + 3) + 7
=4x3-8x2+12x + x2-2x+3+7
=4x3- 7x2+ 10x +10
= p(x)
ie, Dividend = Divisor X Quotient + Remainder.
This relation is called division algorithm of polynomials.
Note that remainder , r(x) =0 or degree of r(x) < degree of g(x).

Note :- When r(x) =0, then the divisor polynomial

g(x) is a factor of p(x).


This fact is used in the process of finding the zeroes of higher
order polynomials.

For example, to find all zeroes of the polynomial 2x3 -3x2-4x +2 ,


given that x=2 is one zero of it, we proceed in the following way.
Solution : -
Given that x=2 is a zero of p(x)= 2x3 -3x2-3x +2, we
get, x-2 is a factor of p(x).
Now, Divide p(x) by x-2.

2x2 +x - 1
x-2 2x3 -3x2-3x +2
2x3-4x2
X2- 3x+2
X2- 2x
-x +2
-x +2
0
Now, by division algorithm, we get 2x3 -3x2-3x +2 = (x-2)( 2x2+x – 1)
Therefore, Zeroes are given by (x-2)( 2x2+x – 1)=0
ie, x-2 =0, or 2x2+x – 1=0
ie, x = 2 (which was given)
and 2x2 + x – 1=0
Factorising 2x2+x – 1, by splitting the
middle term, we get 2x2+2x –x – 1=0
ie, 2x(x + 1) -1(x + 1) =0
ie, (x + 1 ) (2x-1) =0
ie, x + 1=0 or 2x-1=0
ie, x = -1 or x = ½
Therefore the zeroes of p(x) are x= -1, ½ and 2
Question :- If the zeroes of the polynomial x3- 3x2+ x + 1 are a - b, a
and a + b, find a and b.
Let α = a – b , β = a and γ = a + b be the zeroes of the polynomial x - 3x + x + 1
3 2

By the relation, we have α + β + γ = -b/a,


Therefore, a –b + a + a + b = 3 ( since a=1, b=-3)
ie, 3a= 3 , so that a = 1
Again α β + β γ + α γ = c/a
Therefore, a(a-b) + a(a+b) +(a-b)(a+b) =1
ie, 1(1-b) + 1(1 +b) +(1-b)(1+b)=1
ie, 1-b+1+b +1- b2=1
ie, 3 - b2=1
ie, - b2 =-2
ie, b2 =2
Therefore, b =±√2
PREPARED BY

JOAN A LUKE
JNV KOLLAM
KERALA HYDERABAD REGION

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