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HVAC Presentation

The document outlines the design principles and calculations for a smoke management system and HVAC system in a building, focusing on smoke control in corridors and car parking areas, as well as ventilation requirements. It details equipment specifications, airflow calculations, and compliance with various codes and standards, including NFPA and ASHRAE. Additionally, it provides indoor design conditions, ventilation systems, and the performance criteria for building materials and HVAC components.

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Mahe Sadek
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10 views21 pages

HVAC Presentation

The document outlines the design principles and calculations for a smoke management system and HVAC system in a building, focusing on smoke control in corridors and car parking areas, as well as ventilation requirements. It details equipment specifications, airflow calculations, and compliance with various codes and standards, including NFPA and ASHRAE. Additionally, it provides indoor design conditions, ventilation systems, and the performance criteria for building materials and HVAC components.

Uploaded by

Mahe Sadek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC

WORKS
Smoke Management System
Design Principles
• The smoke control system deals with the smoke in the main corridor of the
building in case of fire in other components of it.
• Smoke will be permitted to flow from the closed areas into the main corridor
from where it will be vented at high level via a series of extract fans placed at
roof.
• Smoke evacuation system shall be provided also for the car parking and all
new systems that shall be included in the life safety report as per NFPA and
local codes requirements.
• Dual power supplies are provided to smoke extract fans. Via standby
generation. Via transformers.
• Dedicated smoke fans shall be classified to be rated at 400˚c for a minimum
of 2 hour.
Smoke Management System
Design Principles
• The smoke control system works in parallel with other main systems in the
buildings like self- extinguishing system with water, fire and smoke alarm
system. Upon detection of smoke within a zone through any sensor in this
zone, all extract fans for in this zone are activated and all ventilation systems
will be switched off, taking into considerations that it will be relied also on
gates and entrances of building which open automatically at the egress of
people and that is to compensate the extracted air due to smoke and fire.
• In case of fire in kitchen, the kitchen fan which will be fire rated will continue
in operation to extract the smoke from the kitchen and exhaust it to outside
while any supply fan will stop.
• Ditto as above but for toilet fans which can continue working in case of fire
or smoke as to help in smoke removal from the space.
Car Parking Ventilation Calculations
According to the Egyptian code basement shall be mechanically
ventilated using extract fans and make-up air fans along with
extract ducts / grilles to maintain CO and N2O levels within
acceptable limit for normal ventilation and to provide smoke
extraction of 7.5 l/s/m2 or 6 ACH (which one is bigger) and 10 ACH
in normal condition and in the event of fire respectively. Exhaust &
make-up fans will be accommodated in fan rooms . The exhaust air
will be transferred through exhaust ducts up to ground floor to
throw the flow through exhaust air louvers. In a reversed way,
make-up air will be delivered from fresh air louvers .
Car Parking Ventilation Calculations
Normal Case
Area Height ACH FLOW(CFM) Flow Final (CFM)
Basement 1 2142 3.2 6 24206.08481 28500
Basement 2 2078 3.2 6 23482.84044 25000
Basement 3 2000 3.2 6 22601.38638 23500
Smoke Case
Area Height ACH FLOW(CFM)
Basement 1 2142 3.2 10 40343.47468 44640
Basement 2 2078 3.2 10 39138.06741 40750
Basement 3 2000 3.2 10 37668.97729 38850

Schedule of Equipment
Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)
EX.F-B1-01,02,03 Basement 1 Basement 1 14500/22500 3 (2 Duty / 1 Standby) 14/20
EX.F-B2-01,02,03 Basement 2 Basement 2 12500/20500 3 (2 Duty / 1 Standby) 12/18
EX.F-B3-01,02,03 Basement 3 Basement 3 12500/20500 3 (2 Duty / 1 Standby) 12/18
Car Parking Ventilation Calculations
makeup air flow from ramp (Normal Case)= Weidth*Height*Velocity (1 m/s)
12.24 m3/s
25935 CFM
Make up air flow from ramp = 26000 CFM

makeup air flow from ramp (Fire Case)= Weidth*Height*Velocity (1.5 m/s)
18.36 m3/s
38903 CFM
Make up air flow from ramp = 39000 CFM

Makeup air flow (Normal Case ) Makeup air flow (Smoke Case )
Basement 1 24225 Basement 1 37944
Basement 2 21250 Basement 2 34637.5
Basement 3 19975 Basement 3 33022.5

Makeup Air Flow = 0.85 * Exhaust


Car Parking Ventilation Calculations
Schedule of Equipment

Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)

Basemen
F.A.F-B2-01,02,03 Basement 2 9750/16850 3 (2 Duty / 1 Standby) 10/15
t2
Basemen
F.A.F-B3-01,02,03 Basement 3 10000/16500 3 (2 Duty / 1 Standby) 10/15
t3

Basement 1 doesn’t need makeup


air fans , ramps are enough .
1. Car Parking Ventilation
Calculations
Proposed locations for fan rooms .
HVAC Rooms
5 rooms required for fans :
3 rooms for exhaust air fans (1st basement – 2nd basement
– 3rd basement )
2 rooms for fresh air fans ( 2nd basement – 3rd basement )

Exhaust air fans’ room dimension (6 m x4.5 m )


Required shaft dimension ( 1.8 m x 4.5 m )

Exhaust Fan room


( 6 m x 4.5 m )

Shaft (1.8 m x4.5 m)


HVAC Rooms
Fresh air fans room dimension (6 m x4.5 m )
Required shaft dimension ( 1.5 m x 2.5 m )

Fresh Fan room


( 6 m x 4.5 m )

Shaft (1.5 m x2.5 m)


Lift well pressurization calculations
Based on Ashrae application Ch. 53 Fire & Smoke Control
Handbook of smoke management .
Pressurization fan will be required for each lift well , its
flow 18,000 CFM .

Schedule of Equipment

Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)

P.F-01 Roof Lift wells 18000 4 20


Staircase pressurization
calculations
Based on Ashrae application Ch. 53 Fire & Smoke Control
Pressurization fan will be required for each staircase, its
flow 17,500 CFM .

Schedule of Equipment

Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)

P.F-02 Roof Lift wells 17500 2 20

Pressure relief damper opening area =0.71 m2 .


Shaft required (1600 mm x 1200 mm)
Smoke management for corridors
calculations
For Typical floor from 1st to Roof.
EX.A.F ( 1800 cfm ) required shaft ( 600 mm x 500 mm )
F.A.F ( 4000 cfm ) required shaft ( 1000 mm x 700 mm )
Assuming that the fire causes at 1 floor so exhaust fan
extracts smoke from this corridor & F.A.Fs press fresh air
at the upper & lower floors to keep them at positive
pressure to prevent smoke from spread .
Schedule of Equipment

Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)

EX.A.F Roof Corridors 1800 1 2

Schedule of Equipment

Name Location Service Flow (CFM) QTY Power (kW)

F.A.F Roof Corridors 4000 1 4


HVAC System Design Criteria .
HVAC system will be designed in accordance to the requirements, technical guidelines and design criteria
of the following applicable latest codes and standards as detailed in the following sections .

AMCA Air Movement and Control Association, Inc.


ARI Air – Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute.
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASME The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
NFPA National Fire Protection Association.
SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association.
ANSI American National Standards Institute.
ACUD Administrative Capital For Urban Development
Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Buildings
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Design Criteria and Conditions
• The design of the HVAC system will comply with ASHRAE standard 90.1.2010.
• The air conditioning and ventilation systems will be designed with effective means to respond to the
cooling and ventilation demand changes.
The systems will be provided in a manner to ensure minimum temperature variation within the building.
Outdoor Design Conditions
• The most widely used method to determine the outdoor design conditions is according to ASHRAE
standards recommendations “ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals 2021”
The outdoor design recommendations for Cairo are as follows:
• Latitude 30.12 N
• Longitude 31.41 E
• Elevation 316m
• Design summer outdoor dry bulb 38.8 °C
• Design summer outdoor wet bulb 21.0 °C
• Daily range 12.3
• The different values are summarized in the following table: · Design summer outdoor dry bulb 41 °C ·
Design summer outdoor wet bulb 23 °C
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Indoor Design Conditions :
• The design objective is to provide a thermally comfortable environment to ensure the building
occupants’ comfort and health as stipulated in ASHRAE 62.1-2010.
• Indoor design conditions will follow thermal comfort criteria as stipulated in the ASHRAE 55 – 2010.
• Occupancy rates used in preliminary calculations shall be based on ASHRAE 62.1-2010; final figures will
be verified based on actual architectural interior design furniture layouts upon received.
• The lighting load used in preliminary calculations shall be based on ASHRAE 90.1-2010 space-by-space
method ,final figures shall be verified based on actual interior lighting layouts.
• Based on our experience and equipment’s actual heat emissions, equipment loads shall include heat
emissions from any ancillary equipment used for a specific application (TV, laptops, computers, etc.)
although values may be different from those stipulated by ASHRAE.
• The following table summarizes design figures for indoor conditions concerning temperature, humidity
and noise level.
• The ventilation rates is generally based on ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 to maintain functional and
comfortable space conditions .
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Indoor Design Conditions
Area Summer Desired Noise Criteria

DB© (RH%) NC
Office Areas 23+ 1 50 25 - 30

Public Areas 24+ 1 50 30-40

UPS, data and Control 22+ 1 50 35-45


Rooms
Main Telecom Rooms 21+ 1 50 35-45

Electrical Rooms and 26 + 2 - 35-45


Telecom closets
Mechanical Room 26 + 2 - 50-60

Bathrooms & Toilets, Ventilation according to ASHRAE 62.1 for exhaust 35-45
Kitchens, powder rooms
and Stores.
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Indoor Design Conditions

• All other areas not specifically mentioned above but scheduled to be mechanically cooled and heated,
shall have the summer inside design conditions of 24°C DB and 50% RH.
• It is worth mentioned that the mentioned relative humidity values in pervious table is used as a goal in
hap calculation to be achieved however all spaces served by fan coil units will not have humidity
control sensors we will just relay on cooling coil selection for humidity control .
Ventilation Systems
• Adequate ventilation and air filtration will be provided to maintain acceptable indoor air quality. The
quantity of outdoor air will be based on ASHRAE standard 62.1 “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor air
Quality” .
• System provides ventilation by means of fresh air handling units located on the roof .
• central system for exhaust will be used for ventilation of bathrooms and toilets,, kitchens, storage, .. in
case of absence of Wall-mounted exhaust fans .
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Building Façade Performance Criteria
• Preliminary Building Construction Material
• Wall construction U-value: 0.474 W/m² °C
• Roof construction U- value: 0.227 W/m² °C
• Glass U-value: 1.1 W/m² °C
• Glass shading coefficient: 0.19
• The U-values shown above will be coordinated with the architect based on the material construction
details.

Duct and Pipe Works


• Ducts sizes will be based on low velocity for normal operation and duct manufacturing specifications
will be according to SMACNA standards.
• The duct sizing will be according to the Equal Friction Method of Duct Sizing Calculation.
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Description of HVCA System
Chilled Water distribution network will be provided from chillers on roof floor .
• The Telecom rooms will be provided by VRF (variable refrigerant flow) backup system to allow
continuous operation.
• Since the air heating system is not common in such a project area, no heating system will be considered
unless advised by the owner.
• The control of the chilled water feeding the Air Handling Units (AHU), Fan Coil Units (FCU), and any
other terminal unit will be provided through modulating type PICV control valves to vary flow in order to
match actual need thus saving on pumping energy.
• Chilled water metering system (BTU meters) will be considered for each rentable area.
Air Handling Units
• There will be fresh air handling units which will provide FCU with fresh air.
• AHU’s will typically comprise of supply fans, extract fan, attenuators (if needed), high efficiency pre-
filter and bag filter, chilled water cooling coil, electric heater battery (if needed), condensate drain
pan, variable frequency drives (if needed), smoke detection, automatic temperature control and will
be thermally bridged and have insulated double skin construction. AHU’s will be located on concrete
bases and will utilize anti vibration mountings to isolate noise and vibration from the structure.
• Chilled water flow rate will be automatically controlled and balanced by modulating type PICV.
6. HVAC System Design Criteria .
Fan Coil Units (FCUs)
• Horizontal 2-pipe FCUs shall be provided for cooling with coil, with two-way motorized control valve
and automatic flow control valve on chilled water return.
• FCU selection shall be based on fan running at medium speed.
• Access door for each FCU is coordinated with interior designer.
Kitchens Ventilation
• Kitchen hoods shall be provided with fresh air supply & exhaust air required according to type and size
of hood to maintain more exhaust than supply. The extraction rates will be provided by kitchen
consultant.
• Kitchen area will be negatively pressurized with respect to adjacent areas in order to control odor
migration to adjacent areas.
• Kitchen ecology units will be utilized for the exhaust air as shown
• make-up air for the hoods will be through supply fan section and FAHU.

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