Sources of Energy: FUeling our

future
 Introduction
Energy powers our daily lives, from homes and
vehicles to industries. It comes from two main
types of sources: Non-renewable, like fossil fuels,
and Renewable. Non-renewable energy sources,
such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are limited,
take millions of years to form, and harm the
environment by contributing to pollution and
climate change. By embracing cleaner energy,
we can reduce environmental impact and build a
healthier, resilient future.
 Renewable
energy
Renewable energy comes from natural
resources that are continuously replenished,
such as sunlight, wind, water, and
geothermal heat. Unlike non-renewable
sources, renewable energy has a lower
environmental impact and does not run out,
making it a sustainable choice for reducing
pollution and combating climate change.
Common forms of renewable energy include
solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass.
 water energy
Water energy, also known as hydroelectric or
hydropower, is generated by harnessing the
movement of water, usually from rivers or
dams. This energy is produced when flowing
water spins turbines connected to
generators, converting kinetic energy into
electricity. Hydropower is renewable and
widely used, with minimal direct emissions,
making it an environmentally friendly option.
However, large-scale dams can impact local
ecosystems and communities.
 Advantages of challenges of
hydropower energy hydropower

• Clean and • Environmental

Renewable Impact
• Reliable and Flexible • Limited Sites
• Water Management • High Initial Costs
 Tidal energy
Tidal energy is a form of renewable energy
generated by harnessing the natural rise and
fall of ocean tides. As tides move in and out,
they create kinetic energy, which can be
captured by tidal turbines or barrages to
produce electricity. Tidal energy is highly
predictable and sustainable, given the
regularity of tidal cycles. However, its
development can be costly and may impact
marine ecosystems, requiring careful site
selection and design to minimize
environmental effects.
 Advantages of challenges of
Tidal energy tidal energy

• Renewable and • Limited Deployment

Predictable • Environmental Impact
• Environmentally Friendly • High Initial Costs
• High Energy Density • Maintenance and
• Long Lifespan Durability
 Wind
Energy
Wind energy is a renewable energy source
generated by converting wind's kinetic energy
into electricity using wind turbines. As wind
turns the turbine blades, a generator produces
electricity. Wind energy is clean, with no direct
emissions, it is highly sustainable, but it
depends on wind availability, which can be
inconsistent. Additionally, wind farms can impact
landscapes, wildlife, and may face noise
concerns from nearby communities. Despite
these challenges, wind energy remains a key
player in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and
combating climate change.
 Advantages of challenges of
Wind energy tidal energy

• Clean and Renewable • Intermittency

• Abundant Resource • Visual and Noise Impact
• Energy Independence • Land and Wildlife Concerns
• Low Operational Costs
 Biomass
energy
Biomass energy a is renewable energy derived from
organic materials, such as plants, agricultural waste,
wood, and even animal manure. When these
materials are burned or converted into biofuels, they
release stored chemical energy in the form of heat
or electricity. Biomass energy can help reduce waste
and is considered carbon-neutral, as the CO₂
released is offset by the CO₂ absorbed during the
plants' growth. However, biomass production
requires careful management to avoid deforestation,
soil depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions,
making sustainable sourcing essential for
environmental benefits
 Advantages of challenges of
Biomass energy biomass energy

• Renewable and Carbon Neutral • Feedstock Availability and

• Waste Management and Logistics
Sustainability • Environmental Impact
• Local Energy Production • Air Pollution Concerns
• Potential for Energy Independence
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source
that harnesses heat from within the Earth,
typically from hot water or steam reservoirs deep
underground. This heat can be used directly for
heating buildings or converted into electricity
using geothermal power plants. Geothermal
energy is reliable, with a constant supply of heat
from the Earth’s core, and has a small
environmental footprint compared to fossil fuels.
However, it is location-specific, requiring suitable
geological conditions, and can have high initial
drilling and installation costs.
 Advantages of challenges of
Geothermal energy Geothermal energy

• Renewable and Sustainable • Resource Dependence

• Low Emissions • Exploration and Drilling Risks
• Baseload Power • Environmental
• Heating and Cooling Considerations
Applications • High Initial Investment
 Solar
Energy
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that
harnesses sunlight to generate electricity or
heat. This is achieved using solar panels
(photovoltaic cells) to convert sunlight directly
into electricity, or solar thermal systems to
capture and store heat. Solar energy is clean,
abundant, and widely available, making it a
sustainable option for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. However, solar power production
depends on sunlight availability, which can be
limited by weather conditions and nighttime, and
requires significant space and materials to install
panels at scale.
 Advantages of challenges of
solar energy solar energy

• Renewable and Abundant • Intermittency and Storage

• Clean and Environment • Upfront Costs
Friendly • Land Use and Aesthetics
• Distributed Energy Generation
• Long-Term Cost Savings
non-Renewable
energy
Non-renewable energy comes from sources
that are finite and cannot be replenished in a
human timeframe, such as fossil fuels (coal,
oil, and natural gas) and nuclear energy.
These sources are formed from ancient
organic materials or minerals, taking millions
of years to develop. Non-renewable energy is
widely used due to its high energy density
and established infrastructure, but it has
significant environmental downsides,
including pollution, greenhouse gas
emissions, and habitat destruction.
 oil
Oil energy, or petroleum energy, comes from
fossilized organic material that has been
subjected to high pressure and heat over millions
of years. Extracted as crude oil, it undergoes
refining to produce fuels like gasoline, diesel, and
jet fuel, as well as other byproducts used in
plastics and chemicals. Oil is burned in engines
or power plants, releasing heat energy that can
be converted into mechanical work or electricity.
Despite its efficiency and widespread use, oil
energy is a major source of carbon emissions,
contributing to environmental pollution and
climate change.
 challenges associated with Using
oil as an energy source

• Environmental Impact
• Finite Resource
• Price Volatility
 Natural gas
Natural gas energy is derived from the
combustion of natural gas, a fossil fuel primarily
composed of methane (CH₄). It’s extracted from
underground reservoirs and is used for electricity
generation, heating, and as a fuel source in
industries. When burned, natural gas releases
energy with relatively lower emissions of
pollutants and carbon dioxide compared to coal
and oil, making it a cleaner fossil fuel. It’s
efficient for power generation and can be used in
combined-cycle plants, where waste heat is
converted into additional electricity, improving
energy efficiency.
 Advantages of challenges of
Natural Gas energy Natural Gas energy

• Lower Emissions • Methane Emissions

• Abundance and Availability • Infrastructure Requirements
• Energy Efficiency • Non-Renewable Resource
• Flexibility
 coal
Coal energy is produced by burning coal to
create steam, which drives turbines to
generate electricity. Coal is formed over
millions of years from compressed plant
material buried under heat and pressure.
Although it's a reliable and widely used energy
source, burning coal releases pollutants and
greenhouse gases, contributing to climate
change and environmental issues. As a result,
there’s a growing shift toward cleaner,
renewable energy sources to reduce coal's
environmental impact.
 challenges associated with Using
coal as an energy source

• Environmental Impact
• Carbon Capture and Storage
• Finite Resource and Mining
Impact
• Health Concerns
 Nuclear
Energy
Nuclear energy is a form of energy released by
nuclear reactions, either by splitting atomic nuclei
(fission) or combining them (fusion). In nuclear
fission, used in power plants today, heavy atoms like
uranium-235 or plutonium-239 are split into smaller
atoms, releasing large amounts of energy as heat.
This heat generates steam to drive turbines and
produce electricity. Nuclear energy is a low-carbon
power source because it produces no greenhouse
gas emissions during operation. However, it raises
concerns due to radioactive waste, the risk of
nuclear accidents, and the complex management
required for safe operation and waste disposal.
 challenges Associated with nuclear energy

• Radioactive Waste
• Safety Concerns
• Non-Renewable Resource
• Cost and Economics
• Public Perception and
Acceptance
Impact of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy has had a significant impact on the world, offering a
powerful, low-carbon source of electricity that helps reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and combat climate change. Since nuclear power plants
do not produce carbon emissions during operation, they serve as an
alternative to fossil fuels, contributing to a cleaner energy mix.
Economically, nuclear energy can provide reliable power with lower
operational costs once plants are built, although high initial
construction costs and long-term waste management are challenges.
However, concerns about radioactive waste, potential accidents (like
those at Chernobyl and Fukushima), and nuclear weapons proliferation
highlight risks associated with nuclear technology, creating debate
about its long-term role in sustainable energy.
Thankyou