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Module 1 Mathematics [Autosaved]

Module 1 Mathematics covers the basics of natural numbers, including their definitions, comparisons, and representations. It introduces concepts such as cardinal and ordinal numbers, arithmetic operations, and laws of addition, multiplication, and division. The module also discusses prime and composite numbers, as well as even and odd numbers.

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anaya.nayyab1
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6 views20 pages

Module 1 Mathematics [Autosaved]

Module 1 Mathematics covers the basics of natural numbers, including their definitions, comparisons, and representations. It introduces concepts such as cardinal and ordinal numbers, arithmetic operations, and laws of addition, multiplication, and division. The module also discusses prime and composite numbers, as well as even and odd numbers.

Uploaded by

anaya.nayyab1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1 Mathematics

Week # 1
Natural numbers:
A natural number is string of ones.

| one
|| two
||| three
|||| four
||||| five
• Concept of successor and predecessor
Comparison of numbers using equality& inequality
• If we two natural numbers ‘n’ and ‘m’
n = m ↔ ones in ‘n’ and ‘m’ are equal

n < m ↔ ones in ‘n’ are less than ‘m’ ( that’s mean n comes first or
before in sequence of natural numbers.
What is a number:
• A quantity or amount
• Two pens, seven books, five boys etc

• Digits(figures):
Digits are single symbols used to represent numbers.
|,X,C,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0
• Numerals:
a digit or group of digits denoting a number is called numeral
5 , 74 , 345 etc
History of representation of
numbers:
• Tally system:
We use bars to represent any number in this system

• Roman numeral system:


|||||||||| = X (ten)
XXXXXXXXXX = C (hundred)
CCCCCCCCCC = M (thousand)
Hindu Arabic numerals:
| 1 one
|| 2 two
||| 3 three
|||| 4 four
||||| 5 five
|||||| 6 six
||||||| 7 seven
|||||||| 8 eight
||||||||| 9 nine
0 (for nothing)
Natural numbers,whole numbers and integers:

• Natural numbers(counting numbers):


Numbers start from one are called natural numbers.
N = { 1,2,3,…}
• Whole numbers:
If we include 0 in set of natural numbers it became whole numbers
W = { 0,1,2,3,…}
Integers:
• all whole numbers lies on the number line are called integers.

• zero, positive natural numbers and negative natural


numbers(opposite to natural numbers) are integers.
examples:
Loan (debt) , temperature etc.
Cardinal and ordinal numbers:
Cardinals Ordinals
• Numbers used for counting • Numbers used to locate or tell us
objects. position.
• 2kg sugar • 1st
• 1litre milk • 2nd
• 5 pairs od shoes • 3rd
• 4th and so on
Arithmetic:
It is branch of mathematics in which we study
numbers by using different operations(+,-,x,)
• Sum
It is the combination of strings of |. Its symbol is +
Activity:
laws of addition:
• Commutative law:
a+b=b+a

• Associative law:
(a + b) + c = a + ( b + c )

• Additive identity:
a+0=a
Concept of multiplication:
• Definition:
The product of numbers m and n
is the string formed by copy of m for every | in n.
Its symbol is x
Activity:
Laws of multiplication:
• Commutative law:
axb=bxa

• Associative law:
(a x b) x c = a x ( b x c )

• Multiplicative identity:
ax1=a
Subtraction:
It is inverse(opposite) of addition.its symbol
is -.
• k+m=n ↔ k=n-m
Examples and activities:
Distributive laws:
distributive law of multiplication over addition:
• a x (b + c) = (a x b)+(a x c)

• (a + b) x c = a x c + b x c

distributive law of multiplication over subtraction:


• a x (b - c) = (a x b)-(a x c)

• (a - b) x c = a x c - b x c
Division :
It is inverse of multiplication. Its symbol is .
• kxm=n ↔ k=
• Examples:

• Note: is only defined if m is factor of n.


Laws of division :

• + =

• =

• x =
Multiplication and long division:
• Examples and activities:

• Factors:
if k x m = n then we say that k and m are factors of n.
example:
3 x 5 = 15 then 3 and 5 are factors of 15.
Prime and composite numbers:

Prime numbers: Composite numbers:


• It is a whole number whose • It has more factors than 1 and
factors are only 1 and itself. itself.
Examples: Examples:
3=1x3 4 =2x2=1x4
2, 3, 5, 7, 11 … Factors of 4= 1,2,4
Note: 1 is not a prime.
Even and odd numbers:

Odd numbers: Even numbers:


• Numbers which are not • Numbers which are completely
completely divisible by 2 divisible by 2
• These numbers are not in pairs. • They are always in pairs
• Odd numbers end with 1,3,5,7,9 • Even numbers end with 0,2,4,6,8
• Examples: • 0 is even number.
• Examples:

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