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Current Transformers: Prepared By: KIM Bunthern

The document provides an overview of Current Transformers (CTs), detailing their structure, equivalent circuits, specifications, accuracy, and applications in power systems. CTs are essential for measuring large currents safely by scaling them down for easier measurement and protection. It emphasizes the importance of safety precautions and the various types of CTs used in different applications, including measurement and circuit protection.

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mohammad alhaj
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13 views25 pages

Current Transformers: Prepared By: KIM Bunthern

The document provides an overview of Current Transformers (CTs), detailing their structure, equivalent circuits, specifications, accuracy, and applications in power systems. CTs are essential for measuring large currents safely by scaling them down for easier measurement and protection. It emphasizes the importance of safety precautions and the various types of CTs used in different applications, including measurement and circuit protection.

Uploaded by

mohammad alhaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CURRENT

TRANSFORMERS
(CTs)

Prepared by:
1
KIM Bunthern
Institute of Technology of
Cambodia

June, 10, 2010


Overview:
2

1. Introduction to CT
2. Structure of CT
3. Equivalent circuit of a CT
4. Specification and Accuracy
5. Applications
Introduction:
3

 Current transformer or
CT is a type of instrument
transformer that is used in
power system for
measurement, detection,
and protection the
system.

 It is a device used to
measure large current by
scaling large primary
currents to a smaller, easy
Introduction:
4

Brief history:
In power
 Measuring distribution
instruments, such system,
as ammeters,
voltmeters, kilowatt-hour meters, etc , whether
high voltage
electromechanical andmeet insuperable
or electronic,
high ifintensity
design problems faced with of
the high voltages or
high currents.
current always
 For these reasons the use of instrument
present.
transformers (CT and PT) followed very soon by the
development of AC power circuits. Such
transformers were developed
Special instrumentsby a number of
are
workers during the nineteenth century and by 1900
needed
had come into fairly general use.
Introduction:
5

Instruments, Problems (Isolation, high lose, large


With high voltage size of instrument,…)
and current
Solution

 isolate the instruments from


the power circuits
CT is used to
 reduce the current to lower
level to be measured more
easily.
Structure:
6

There are four basic types of current


transformers:
 window-type CT
• contain no primary winding. Instead,
the wire that carries the current is
threaded through a window in the
Donut-shaped CT(window-
toroidal transformer.
type CT) Bar-Type CT
• The bar-type CT is a window-type CT
with a primary bar inserted straight
through the window.

Bar-type CT
Structure:
7

 Split-Core Type CT
• The split-core type CT is a
special case of window-type
CT. Its winding and core
construction is such that it can
Split-core type CT
hinge open, or totally separate
into two parts
 Wound CT
• consist of an integral primary
winding that is inserted in
series with the conductor that
carries the measured current.
Structure:
8

Window-type CT Wound CT
Structure:
9

 Current transformer is a step up transformer.


 The current is stepped down in a known ratio called
current ratio.

For example, a CT with a current


5A ratio of 300:5 will produce 5 amps
of secondary current when 300
amps flows through the primary.
300A
Current = ratio × ammeter reading
Equivalent circuit:
10

 The equivalent circuit of a CT is that of a


typical transformer; however, the parameters
of the circuit are different.

Zb: the burden impedance


Equivalent circuit:
11

 R1 and leakage inductance xl1 can be


omitted since I1 is determined by the
external line load.
 The circuit is simplifies to:
Equivalent circuit:
12

I’1 = I1/a ; I’M = (a^2)*IM

I’1 = I’M + Ib

According to this equation Ib is smaller than I1/a

The error is caused by the magnetizing current.


Phase diagram:
13

I’1=I1/a

Ib

Phase shift

I’M
Specification:
14

 Current Transformer’s performance


specifications, includes primary current,
secondary current, Ratio, insulation voltage,
accuracy, and burden.
 Primary current, the load of the current

transformer, is the measured current.


Secondary current is the range of current
outputs.
 The CT ratio is the ratio of primary current

input to secondary current output at full load.


For example: 300:5
 Insulation voltage represents the maximum

insulation that current transformers provide


Specification:
15

 Accuracy is the degree of certainty with which


the measured current agrees with the ideal
value.
 Burden is the maximum load that devices can
support while operating within their accuracy
ratings. Typically, burden is expressed in volt-
amperes (VA), the product of the voltage
applied to0.3 B 0.2 and the current.
a circuit

Accuracy in % CT Class Maximum Burden in


(B for metering Ohms
application, C, T ,H, L for
relaying application)
Accuracy:
16

 The accuracy of the current ratio of a CT is


affected by a number of factors including:
Burden
Saturation class
External electromagnetic fields
Temperature and
Physical configuration.
Safety Precautions:
17

 It is important to ensure that the secondary of any CT


is not left disconnected while the primary supply is on.
 In this condition, high voltage spikes are produced in
the transformer secondary, often thousands of volts,
sufficient to break down the transformer insulation, or
affect the accuracy of the transformer.
Hence the secondary of current transformer is
never left open.
Applications:
18

 Current transformers safely isolate


measurement and control circuitry from the high
voltages typically present on the circuit being
measured.
 They are commonly used in the electrical power
industry for:
 Measurement:
• measure current for power measurement
and control. (In this case, accuracy is very
important.)
 Protection of power system:
• perform circuit control, perform roles for
safety protection and current limiting.
Applications:
 Current Transformers in measurement application:

110 kV grid
19
Applications:
20

 CTs used in power CTs

control circuit:

Circuit Breaker
21
CT
Relay

Motor

22 3 phase ground fault detection


Applications:
23

 CTs also can also be found in small power


application such
Current clamp as:
or current
probe is an electrical
device having two jaws
which open to allow
clamping around an
electrical conductor.

Residual current device


(RCD),or ground fault
circuit interrupter (GFCI)
CT

CT

24
Thank for Mr. Piseth, my
lecturer.

25

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