Web

Computing
TE : Artificial Intelligence and Data
Science
Group Members:
561 Jaiganesh Mabbu.
562 Shreyas Vichale.
563 Sharvari Kamble.
564 Om Kendre.
565 Aryan Mhalsank.
566 Shaad Khanwani.
Introduction
• Web computing involves using the internet to help people communicate,
collaborate, and share information. It includes various tools and services
that make interacting with web applications essential in our daily lives.
• Key technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the backbone of web
computing. HTML organizes content, CSS styles it, and JavaScript adds
interactive features.
• Web computing is important because it allows people to access
applications from anywhere, promoting teamwork and innovation. As
technology evolves, it continues to shape how we connect and do
business online.
 Core Components Of Web
Computing
• Web architecture: Defines web app structure,
focusing on client-server interactions and protocols.​
• Cloud computing: Off ers scalable resources for
effi cient data storage and delivery. ​
• Distributed systems: Enable multiple computers
to enhance reliability and performance.​
• Web development tools: HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
and backend technologies simplify app creation.​
• Databases: Manage and retrieve data effi ciently.​
• Security: Protects information via encryption,
authentication, and access control.​
 Internet Architecture and Protocol​

The internet is built on a client-server architecture. The client

requests services or resources, while the server provides them.
These interactions rely on protocols, such as:​
• HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol): The protocol
used for transferring hypertext requests and information on the
web.​
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
The core protocol of the Internet, which governs how data is sent,
received, and assembled in packets.​
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files
between systems.​
• DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human-readable
domain names into IP addresses.​
• SMTP/IMAP/POP3: Used for sending and receiving email.
Web Standards
Web standards are a set of formal guidelines and
specifi cations to ensure that websites and web
applications work consistently across diff erent
browsers and devices. These are maintained by
organizations like the W3C (World Wide Web
Consortium). Important web standards include:​
1. HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The
structure of web pages.​
2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): The design
and layout of web pages.​
3. JavaScript: For interactivity and dynamic
behavior in web pages.​
 Client-Side vs Server-Side
1.Client-side scripting:
Scripting​
• It runs in the user's browser and is used for tasks like updating
content or validating forms without reloading the page.
• JavaScript, HTML, and CSS are common examples. It provides
faster feedback but is less secure because users can see the
code.

2. Server-side scripting:
• It runs on the web server and handles things like databases and
delivering content based on user requests.
• Languages like PHP and Python are used. It’s more secure but
can be slower because it depends on the server to process
requests.
Database Integration SQL vs NoSQL
• SQL (Structured Query Language):
• Structure: SQL databases are relational and use tables with fixed schemas (rows and
columns) to store data. Common databases include MySQL and PostgreSQL.
• Usage Scenarios: Best for structured data and applications that need complex queries,
data consistency, and relationships between data (e.g., banking systems, e-commerce
platforms).
• NoSQL (Not Only SQL):
• Structure: NoSQL databases are non-relational and store data in various formats, such
as documents, key-value pairs, or graphs. Examples include MongoDB and Cassandra.
• Usage Scenarios: Ideal for unstructured or semi-structured data, and applications
requiring flexibility and scalability (e.g., social media, real-time analytics).
 Javascript FrameWorks
React.js

01 React allows developers to create reusable UI

components, making it particularly suitable for
creating complex, interactive web applications

Angular

02 It provides a complete set of tools including

services, templates, and two-way data binding,
making it suitable for building robust web
applications.
Node.js

03 Node.js is well-suited for handling asynchronous

I/O-intensive tasks, making it ideal for building
scalable network applications.

Express.js

04
Express.js is a lightweight and flexible web
framework for Node.js. By providing a streamlined
interface for handling HTTP requests, routing, and
middleware

03
React.js
• Developed by Facebook, React is a JavaScript library
for building user interfaces.
• It uses a component-based architecture, where each
component encapsulates its own logic and rendering.
• React's Virtual DOM enhances performance by
effi ciently updating only the parts of the UI that
change, rather than re-rendering the entire page.
• It is ideal for building single-page applications (SPAs)
that require a smooth user experience
Angular
• Developed by Google, Angular is a full-fl edged
framework for building dynamic web applications.
• It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architecture and provides features like two-way data
binding, dependency injection, and built-in
directives.
• Angular applications are structured and modular,
making it easier to manage complex projects.
• It's suitable for large-scale enterprise applications
and off ers robust tooling for testing and deployment.
 Node.js
• Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime
environment that allows developers to execute
JavaScript code on the server side.
• It features an asynchronous and event-driven
architecture, allowing it to handle multiple connections
simultaneously without blocking operations.
• Node.js operates on a single-threaded event loop, which
effi ciently manages concurrent requests. Its rich
ecosystem, accessible through npm (Node Package
Manager), off ers a wide range of libraries and
frameworks that facilitate rapid development..
Express.js
• Express is a minimal and fl exible Node.js web
application framework that simplifi es server-side
development.
• It provides a robust set of features for building APIs and
web applications, including middleware for handling
requests and responses.
• Express is known for its speed and lightweight design,
making it a popular choice for building RESTful services.
• It allows developers to easily connect to databases and
manage routes effi ciently.
Role Of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing revolutionizes how organizations manage IT
resources by providing access to services and applications over
the internet.
Scalability: Easily adjust resources based on demand, allowing
for optimal usage during peak and off-peak times.
Cost Effi ciency: The pay-as-you-go model reduces infrastructure
costs, enabling businesses to pay only for the resources they use.
Flexibility: Rapid deployment and global access to resources
empower organizations to quickly adapt to market changes and
customer needs
Application Of Web Computing
• E-commerce Platforms: Web applications facilitate online shopping, allowing users to browse
products, add items to shopping carts, and complete transactions securely.
• Collaboration Tools: Applications like Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 enable realtime
collaboration among users, allowing them to work on documents, spreadsheets, and
presentations simultaneously from different locations. This enhances productivity and teamwork.
• Social media: Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are built on web applications, allowing
users to connect, share content, and communicate in real-time.
• Online Banking: Web applications in the financial sector enable users to manage their
accounts, transfer funds, and pay bills online, making banking services more accessible.
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• Content ManagementEverest Cantu (CMS): Everest
Systems Cantu
Web applications likeJuliana Silva
WordPress and Drupal allow
users to create, manage, and publish digital content without needing extensive programming
knowledge. This democratizes content creation and management.
 Future Scope

01
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Integration: The
incorporation of AI technologies in web applications will
enhance user experiences through personalized
recommendations, chatbots, and advanced analytics,
making applications more intelligent and responsive.

Progressive Web Apps (PWAs): PWAs combine the

02
best of web and mobile apps, providing offline
capabilities, faster loading times, and improved
performance. They will continue to gain popularity as
businesses seek to offer seamless user experiences
across devices.
Serverless Computing: This model allows developers

03
to build and run applications without managing the
underlying infrastructure. Serverless architectures will
enable greater scalability, cost savings, and reduced
operational overhead.

Serverless Computing: This model allows developers

04
to build and run applications without managing the
underlying infrastructure. Serverless architectures will
enable greater scalability, cost savings, and reduced
operational overhead.
 Challenges in Web
Computing
• Security Vulnerabilities: As web applications become more complex, they are
increasingly susceptible to cyber threats such as data breaches, DDoS attacks, and
malware. Ensuring robust security measures is essential to protect sensitive user
information.
• Performance and Scalability: Handling high traffic and maintaining performance
can be challenging, especially for dynamic web applications. Developers must
implement efficient caching strategies, load balancing, and optimization techniques
to ensure a smooth user experience.
• Cross-Platform Compatibility: With the variety of devices and browsers available,
ensuring consistent performance and appearance across different platforms can be
difficult. Developers must rigorously test applications to ensure compatibility and
responsiveness.
• Data Privacy Regulations: Compliance with regulations such as GDPR and CCPA
poses challenges for web developers. Organizations must implement stringent data
protection measures and be transparent about data usage to avoid legal
repercussions.
Conclusion
• Web computing has transformed application development and accessibility.
• Technologies like cloud computing, AI, and modern frameworks enable scalable and efficient
solutions.
• Future trends include serverless computing, edge computing, and progressive web apps.
• Ongoing challenges include security vulnerabilities, performance issues, and regulatory
compliance.
• Understanding these dynamics allows businesses to leverage web computing effectively.
• This approach drives growth and enhances user experiences in the digital landscape.
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References
• S. A. G. Ali and M. A. S. Al-Rahmi, "A Survey of Web Computing
Architectures," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 123456-123470, 2019. DOI:
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930040.
• R. J. K. Choudhury and H. B. G. Hossain, "Web Services: Concepts,
Architectures, and Applications," IEEE Transactions on Services
Computing, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 698-710, 2018. DOI:
10.1109/TSC.2018.2801280.
• N. M. Almazroi and A. S. N. A. Rahman, "The Role of Cloud
Computing in Web Applications," IEEE Cloud Computing, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 50-57, Jan.-Feb. 2019. DOI: 10.1109/MCC.2019.2902700.
• L. W. G. Y. T. Zhang, "Responsive Web Design: A Practical
Approach," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 12-19,
Nov.-Dec. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/MIC.2018.2876939.
Thank
You!