UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE COMPUTING

BSc (CS)/ BCA

Subject Name: Java Programming
Code: 22SCT-351/22CAT-351

JAVA PROGRAMMING DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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 Syllabus

Unit-I
Data Types

• Data Types, Declaring and Initialization Variables, Java Operators. Class, Object &
Methods, Constructors, Overloading constructors, This Keyword, Using Objects as
Parameters, Argument passing, returning objects,

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 Content

(Unit I)
Data Types
Chapter 1.2:
Lecture 1.2.4.-
1. Class
2. Objects

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 Objectives/Outcomes

CO1: Identify the ways to implement the inheritance concept in

the Java programming language.

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 Introduction to Class

• In object oriented programming, a class is a construct that is used as a blueprint(or

template) to create objects of that class.
• A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created.

• In the Java programming language, source files (.java files) are compiled into
(virtual)machine-readable class files which have a .class extension.
• Since Java is a platform-independent language, source code is compiled into an
output file known as byte code, which it stores in a .class file.
• If a source file has more than one class, each class is compiled into a separate .class
file.
• These .class files can be loaded by any Java Virtual Machine(JVM).
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 Simple Class
• Here is a class called Box that defines three member variables: width, height, and
depth.
class Box {
int width; int height; int depth;
}
• To create a Box object, you will use
a statement like the following:
Box myBox = new Box();
• myBox is an instance of Box.
• mybox contains its own copy of each instance variable, width, height, and depth, defined by the class.
• To access these variables, you will use the dot (.) operator.

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 Simple program using class
•Here is a complete program that uses the Box class:
class Box {
int width; int height; int depth;
}
public class SimpleclassMain {
public static void main(String args[ ]) {
Box myBox = new Box();
myBox.width = 10;
System.out.println("myBox.
width:"+myBox.width);
} 7
 Declaring objects
•Object creation is a two-step process.
1. declare a variable of the class type.
2. acquire a physical copy of the object and assign it to that variable using the new operator.

•The new operator dynamically allocates memory for an object and returns a reference to it.
•The following lines are used to declare an object of type Box:
Box mybox
declares mybox as a reference to an object of type Box. mybox is null now.
mybox = new Box(); // allocate a Box object
allocates an actual object and assigns a reference to it to mybox.
•It can be rewritten to:
Box mybox = new Box();
• Any attempt to use a null mybox will result in a compile-time error.

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 Closer look @ new
•The new operator has this general form:
classVariable = new classname( );
 The class name followed by parentheses specifies the constructor for the class.
 A constructor defines what occurs when an object of a class is created.

•Assigning Object Reference Variables:-

•Consider the following code:

Box b1 = new Box(); Box b2 = b1;
b1 and b2 will refer to the same object.

 Any changes made to the object through b2 will affect the object b1.
 If b1 is been set to null, b2 will still point to the original object.

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 } }

Program(1)
The following program declares two Box objects:
class Box {

int width;

int height;

int depth;

}
public class InstanceMain {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box myBox1 = new Box(); Box myBox2 = new Box();
myBox1.width = 10;
myBox2.width = 20;
System.out.println("myBox1.width:" +
myBox1.width);
System.out.println("myBox2.width:" +
myBox2.width);
} }
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 main statement
•public static void main(String args[ ])

• public - public everyone can access it.

• static - Java environment should be able to call this method without creating an
• instance of the class , so this method must be declared as static.

• void - the return type void means there's no return value.

• main( ) - the name of the method, main because it's the main method.

• String args[ ] - arguments to this method. This method must be given an array of Strings, and the array will
be called 'args'.
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 Methods
•This is the general form of a method:
type methodName(parameter-list) {
// body of method
}
• type specifies the returned type.
• If the method does not return a value, its return type must be void.
• The parameter-list is a sequence of type and identifier pairs
separated by commas.
• Parameters receive the arguments passed to the method.
• If the method has no parameters, the parameter list will be empty.
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 Adding a method to class
class Box {
int width;
int height;
int depth;
void calculateVolume() { System.out.print("Volume is ");
System.out.println(width * height * depth);
}
}
public class MethodMain {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box mybox1 = new Box(); mybox1.width
= 10;
mybox1.height = 20;
mybox1.depth = 15;
mybox1.calculateVolume();
}
}
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 Constructors
 A constructor initializes an object during
creation.
• It has the same name as the class.
• Constructors have no return type (not even
void). Class Rectangle public class ConstructorsMain {
double width; public static void main(String args[])
double height; { Rectangle mybox1 = new
Rectangle() { Rectangle(); double area;
width = 10; area = mybox1.area();
height = 10; System.out.println("Area is " + area);
} }
double area() { }
return width * height;
}
}

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 Constructors with Parameters
• The constructors can also have parameters.
• The parameters are used to set the initial states of the object.
class Rectangle { public class ConstParaMain {
{double
doublewidth;
width; public static void main(String args[]) {
double height; Rectangle mybox1 = new Rectangle(10, 20);
Rectangle(doubl
Rectangle(double double area;
ew,w,double
doubleh)h){ { width = w; area = mybox1.area();
height = System.out.println("Areais " + area);
h; }
double area() { } }
retur
n
widt
h*
heig
ht;
}

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 Constructors with object Parameters
class Rectangle { double width; double height; double area() {
Rectangle(Rectangle ob) { return width * height;
}
width = ob.width;
}
height = ob.height; public class ConsobjMain {
} public static void main(String args[])
Rectangle(double w, double h) { { Rectangle mybox1 = new Rectangle(10, 20);
Rectangle myclone = new Rectangle(mybox1);
width = w;
double area;
height = h; area = mybox1.area();
} System.out.println("Area of mybox1 is " +
Rectangle() { area);
width = -1; area = myclone.area();
height = -1; System.out.println("Area of clone is " + area);
} }
Rectangle(double len) { }
width = height = len;
}
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 } }

Overloading Constructors
class Rectangle { public class ConsOverloadingMain {
double width; public static void main(String args[])
double height; { Rectangle mybox1 = new Rectangle(10,
Rectangle(doubl 20); Rectangle mybox2 = new Rectangle();
e w, double h) { width = w; Rectangle mycube = new Rectangle(7);
height = h; double area = mybox1.area();
} System.out.println(area);
Rectangle() { area = mybox2.area();
width = -1; System.out.println(area);
height = -1; area = mycube.area();
} System.out.println(area);
Rectangle(double len) { } }
width = height = len;
}
double area() {
return width * height;
}
}
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 this keyword
this refers to the current object.
Rectangle(double w, double h) {

this.width = w;

this.height = h;
}

Use this to reference the hidden instance variables

Member variables and method parameters may have the same name.

Rectangle(double width, double height) {

this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}

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 Program(2)
class Person{ else { nameTitle = name;
private String name; } return nameTitle;
@Override
private String title; public String toString() {
private String address; return "Info [" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
public Person() {
} ']'; } }
public Person(String name) { public class ThisMain{
public static void main(String[] args) {
this.name = name; } Person person = new Person();
public String getName() { person.setName("Jack");
return name; } System.out.println(person);
public void setName(String name) { String nameTitle1 =
this.name = name; person.getNameWithTitle();
public String getNameWithTitle() { System.out.println("Name
Person person2 = newwith title: " +
Person("Sarah");
String nameTitle; nameTitle1);
String nameTitle2 = person2.getNameWithTitle();
if (title != null) { System.out.println("Name with title 2: " +
nameTitle = name + ", " + title; nameTitle2);
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} } }
 Returning a value
We can use return statement to return a value to the callers.
class Rectangle {
int width;
int height;
int
getAr
ea() {
r
e
t
u
r
n

w
i
d
t
h 20
 Returning Object
class MyClass { public class RetobjMain {
int myMemberValue = 2; public static void main(String args[]) {
MyClass() { MyClass ob1 = new MyClass();
} ob1.myMemberValue =2; MyClass ob2;
MyClass doubleValue()
{ ob2 = ob1.doubleValue();
MyClass temp = new MyClass(); System.out.println("ob1.a: " +
temp.myMemberValue = temp.myMemberValue*2; ob1.myMemberValue);
return temp; System.out.println("ob2.a: " +
} ob2.myMemberValue);
}
ob2 = ob2.doubleValue();
System.out.println("ob2.a after second increase:
" + ob2.myMemberValue);
}
}

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 References
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/loops-in-java/#:~:text=ArrayList%20in%20Java-,L
oops%20in%20Java,some%20condition%20evaluates%20to%20true.&text=while
%20loop%3A%20A%20while%20loop,on%20a%20given%20Boolean%20conditi
on.
• https://www.javatpoint.com/java-do-while-loop

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THANK YOU

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