Scribd
Upload
8 views

2. Firearm - II

The document provides an overview of firearms, detailing their characteristics, types of bullets, and the mechanics of smooth bore weapons, including shotguns and choking phenomena. It discusses various bullet types, their medico-legal significance, and effects such as ricochet and bullet graze. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding these concepts in forensic contexts.

Uploaded by

Asharib Mahmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

2. Firearm - II

The document provides an overview of firearms, detailing their characteristics, types of bullets, and the mechanics of smooth bore weapons, including shotguns and choking phenomena. It discusses various bullet types, their medico-legal significance, and effects such as ricochet and bullet graze. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding these concepts in forensic contexts.

Uploaded by

Asharib Mahmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Firearm – II

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of lecture students will be able to:
1. Briefly introduce different characteristics of firearm.
2. Describe the features of smooth bore weapon and
choking phenomenon.
3. Classify different types of bullets.
4. State the medico legal importance of bullet graze.
Firearm
• It is a weapon to propel a projectile with force.
Firearm wounding is a special form of trauma
producing a breach through the body of a person by
a bullet or shot charge.

Barrel
• Barrel is either long or short having two ends.
Breech end muzzle end bore is either smooth or
rifled.
• Primer contains Barium, lead and
Mercuric fulminate.
• Powder charge is either

Gun Powder

1. Black / smoke powder which consists of:


• Potassium nitrate 75%
• Sulfur 10%

• Charcoal 15%
2. Smoke Less Powder
• Single Base is Nitrocellulose

• Double Base is Nitrocellulose + Nitroglycerine

• Triple Base is Nitrocellulose + Nitroglycerine +


Nitroguanide.
• Velocity which have two Component.
• Speed
• Direction

• Revolver 600 – 900 feet/sec

• Pistol 1200 – 1400 feet/sec

• Rifle 2000 – 3000 feet/sec

• Less than 1200 feet/sec is Low velocity and more


than 2000 feet/sec is High velocity weapon.
Bore/ Diameter/ Gauge
• No of lead pellets or balls, each filling the bore
can be made form one pound of lead. Thus 12
gauge shot gun has a bore diameter such that 12
balls of lead each filling the bore can be made
from a pound of lead. In inches, expression of
bore diameter in metric system, where the bore
diameter shot gun has diameter of 10 mm in
millimeters 10 mm.
SMOOTH BORE FIREARMS (SHOTGUNS)
In smooth bore firearms the bore or the inner surface
of the barrel is uniformly smooth. Shotgun barrel is
divided into:
• Chamber
• Forcing cone
• Bore
It is intended to be fired the shoulder and is
designated to fire multiple pallets from the barrel.
Barrel length of shot gun range from 18 – 36 inches.
Choking
• Choked Gun: It is employed in smooth bore firearm
where the terminal few centimeters of the barrel
near the muzzle end is partially constricted so as to
control shot patrons.

• The degree of choke is based upon the percentage


of pellets that will stay inside a 30 inches circle at 40
yards fire.
• Percentage of pellets fired from 40 yards

• Full choke 65 – 75%


• Modified choke 45 – 65%
• Improved Cylinder 45 – 55%

• Cylinder 35 – 45%
• Skeet 30 – 35%
Types of Bullets:-
1. Round nose soft bullet

2. Elongated pointed

3. Square nose wad-cutters

4. Hollow point (depression in nose) (mushroom effect)

5. Jacketed bullets

6. Short flat point

7. Medium flat point


8. Medium sharp point
9. Medium round nose
10. Long round nose
11. Medium long sharp point
12. Medium sharp point
13. Flat base
14. Sharp point Boat-like
15. Pencil point
Note
• Caliber of bullet is its cross – sectional diameter.
• Crime bullet a bullet collected at surgery or autopsy
from the body of a victim.
• Test bullet  used by ballistic for comparison with
crime bullet

• Exhibit bullets  is a crime/ test bullet which is


presented in the court as evidence
Dum Dum Bullets
• Dum Dum Bullet: it is open at base and has point
covered with jacket, when it strikes an object, the
lead, the point expands like mushroom and produces
a large hole.
• Explosive bullet
• Plastic bullet (Batoon Fire)
• Tandem (piggyback) bullets
• Frangible bullets  converted into dust so no
damage.
• Souvenir bullets or magic bullets or Kennedy
phenomenon.
• Evidence bullets or crime bullets
• Test bullets
• Exhibit bullets
• Raylaseema phenomenon
• Blow back or piggy back phenomenon, back spatter
• Russian roulette
• Billiard ball effect
• Ricocheting phenomenon
• Cookie cutter phenomenon
• Rabbit ear phenomenon
• Bullet embolism

• Bevelled phenomenon

• Crater effect

• Puppies Law or Rule.


Variations are:
1. Square nosed, soft metal bullet known as wad
cutter.

2. Hollow point which has a depression in the


nose. It expands like a mushroom.

3. Full metal jacket bullet.

4. The semi jacket bullet.

5. Short flat point.


6. Medium flat point.
7. Medium round nose.

8. Long round nose.


9. Medium long sharp point.
10. Medium sharp point.
11. Flat base.
12. Sharp point boat tailed.
13. Pencil point.
14. Dum Dum bullet.
Frangible Bullet
• Frangible Bullet effect it is an inferior bullet which on
penetrating into the body get broken into several fragments
and produces several injuries by each fragment.

•Ricochet Bullet:
• Ricochet bullet is a peculiar effect on the wound of
entry due to ricocheted or deflected or rebounded
bullet.
• Examination of the bullet It might be:
• Deformed / flattened bullet

• Carry the paint / dirt or any such other things from the
deflected objects on its surface.
• Mechanism:

• Any of these causes mentioned above can bring


about loss of gyroscopic movement, resulting in
deviation in its path slightly, hit Tie other object, get
deformed and then penetrate the target/victim I
ultimately.
Example of Ricochet phenomenon:
• Intracranial bullet injuries are quite often ricochet
bullet injuries. Bullet which enters cranium may
bounce with inner table of the skull, and undergo
ricochet effect and travel in a deflected direction
inside the skull, getting lodged in an area away from
the usual tract a bullet can take when not
undergoing ricochet effect.
• Five Different Possible Ricochet Mechanisms
Inside the cranial cavity, the bullet:
1. Single ricochet - bullet rebounds only once,
2. Double ricochet-bullet rebounds twice.
3. Inner tangential of entrance side-bullet glides on
entering into the skull of the wound of entry.
4. Inner tangential at contra lateral side-bullet on
hitting
the opposite side to wound of entry glides on it and
travels to some distance.
5. Inner tangential at contra lateral side and ricochet -
bullet after gliding rebounds into another direction.
Bullet Graze (Bullet Slap)
• Here the bullet just hits the skin only at an angle
and goes off from the site, without any penetration
or wound of entry, producing a abrasion or a
laceration depending on the thickness of the skin
involved.
Causes:
• Probable causes are:
• Poor quality bullet
• Poor aiming

Mechanism:
• Any of the causes mentioned above can make the bullet
just touch the skin only and then go beyond the wound.

Appearance:
• Injury could be a scratch mark or a lacerated furrow or
incised like wound.
Medico legal importance:
• Wound may be mistaken for a blunt or sharp weapon
injury.

Ricochet Bullet:
• Ricochet bullet is a peculiar effect on the
wound of entry due to ricocheted or deflected
or rebounded bullet.
THANK YOU!

You might also like