Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

• Cultural Heritage and Performing Arts

Unit:5

Subject Name
INDIAN TRADITIONS, CULTURE AND SOCIETY ANNU SHARMA
Department of MBA

Ist Semester
 Index/Content

S. No. Index
1. Name of Subject with code, Course and Subject
Teacher
2. Brief Introduction of Faculty member with Photograph
3. Evaluation Scheme
4. Syllabus
5. Branch wise Application
6. Course Objective(s)
7. Course Outcome(s)
8. Program Outcomes (PSOs)
9. Cos and POs Mapping
 Index/Content

S. No. Index
10. Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
11. Cos and PSOs Mapping
12. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
13. Result Analysis
14. End Semester Question paper Templates
15. Prequisite/Recap
16. Brief Indtroduction about the Subject with Videos
17. Unit Contents
18. Unit Objectives
19. Topic Objectives/Topic Outcome
 Index/Content

S. No. Index
20. Lecture related to topic
21. Daily Quiz
22. Weekly Assignment
23. Topic Links
24. MCQs
25. Glossary Questions
26. Old question papers
27. Expected Questions
28. Recap of unit
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater
Noida
 Syllabus

UNIT I: Society State and Polity in India (6 Hours)

• State in Ancient India: Evolutionary Theory, Force Theory, Mystical Theory Contract
Theory, Stages of State Formation in Ancient India, Kingship , Council of Ministers
Administration Political Ideals in Ancient India Conditions’ of the Welfare of Societies,
The Seven Limbs of the State, Society in Ancient India, Purusārtha, Varnāshrama System,
Āshrama or the Stages of Life, Marriage, Understanding Gender as a social category, The
representation of Women in Historical traditions, Challenges faced by Women. Four-class
Classification, Slavery.
UNIT II: Society State and Polity in India (10 Hours)
• State in Ancient India: Evolutionary Theory, Force Theory, Mystical Theory Contract
Theory, Stages of State Formation in Ancient India, Kingship , Council of Ministers
Administration Political Ideals in Ancient India Conditions’ of the Welfare of Societies,
The Seven Limbs of the State, Society in Ancient India, Purusārtha, Varnāshrama System,
Āshrama or the Stages of Life, Marriage, Understanding Gender as a social category, The
representation of Women in Historical traditions, Challenges faced by Women. Four-class
Classification, Slavery.
 Syllabus

UNIT III: Indian Religion, Philosophy, and Practices (8 Hour)

• Pre-Vedic and Vedic Religion, Buddhism, Jainism, Six System Indian Philosophy,
Shankaracharya, Various Philosophical Doctrines, Other Heterodox Sects, Bhakti Movement,
Sufi movement, Socio religious reform movement of 19th century, Modern religious practices.
UNIT IV: Science, Management and Indian Knowledge System (8 Hour)
• Astronomy in India, Chemistry in India, Mathematics in India, Physics in India, Agriculture in
India, Medicine in India,Metallurgy in India, Geography, Biology, Harappan Technologies,
Water Management in India, Textile Technology in India,Writing Technology in India
Pyrotechnics in India Trade in Ancient India/India’s Dominance up to Pre-colonial Times.
UNIT V: Cultural Heritage and Performing Arts (4 Hours)
• Indian Architect, Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India, Sculptures, Seals, coins,
Pottery, Puppetry, Dance, Music, Theatre, drama, Painting, Martial Arts Traditions, Fairs and
Festivals, Current developments in Arts and Cultural, Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the
World. Indian Cinema
 Branch wise Applications

• This course will help-

• To know about the Indian culture and related education and apply in society.
• To understand the importance of Indian heritage, languages etc. and spread the knowledge in
the society.
• To understand the different religions, dialects, living standards of the people and make aware
the society about the same
 Course Objectives

1. Students will be able to understand the basic knowledge about the Society State and Polity
in India.
2. Students will be able to understand the basic knowledge about the Indian Literature,
Culture, Tradition, and Practices .
3. Help the students in acquiring the knowledge of Indian Religion, Philosophy, and Practices
.
4. Aware the students about the Science, Management and Indian Knowledge System .
5. Aware the students about the Cultural Heritage and Performing Arts .
 Course Outcomes

S.No CO After completion of this course students will be able to B.T

1 CO1 Understand the basics of past Indian politics and state polity. K2

2 CO2 Understand the Vedas, Upanishads, languages & literature of Indian K2

society.

3 CO3 Know the different religions and religious movements in India. K4

4 CO4 Identify and explore the basic knowledge about the ancient history of K4
Indian agriculture, science & technology, and ayurveda.

5 CO5 Identify Indian dances, fairs & festivals, and cinema. K1

 Program Outcomes

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
 Program Outcomes

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual

knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
 Program Outcomes

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of

the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
 PSOs

• PSOs are yet to be finalized for Emerging branches.

 COs-PSOs Mapping

• CO-PSO mapping are yet to be finalized for Emerging branches.

 PEOs

PEOs are yet to be finalized for Emerging branches.

Result Analysis

Waiting……….
End Semester Question Paper Template

Will be display soon …….

End Semester Question Paper Template
End Semester Question Paper Template
 Introduction of subject with video links

Introduction: EITK is the study of Indian culture, society, as well as different

languages and the living standards of the Indian people, and it helps to
understand the history of culture and society in different regions of the country.

• Video Links:
• https://youtu.be/X2SXJiSv3R4
• https://youtu.be/7PuuAgeSRpU
• https://youtu.be/RVT60SA3KgM
• https://youtu.be/dK53fX97jlc
 Content

• Indian Architect, Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India, Sculptures, Seals, coins
• Pottery, Puppetry, Dance, Music, Theatre, drama, Painting, Martial Arts Traditions
• Fairs and Festivals
• Current developments in Arts and Culture
• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World
• Indian Cinema
 Unit Objective(s)

• To make the students aware about Engineering and Architecture in

Ancient India
• To develop a clear understanding on the Current developments in Arts
and Culture
• To aware students about Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World.
 Course Outcome

1. The course aims at imparting basic principles of thought process, reasoning and inference
to identify the roots and details of some of the contemporary issues faced by our nation
and try to locate possible solutions to these challenges by digging deep into our past.
2. To enable the students to understand the importance of our surroundings and encourage
the students to contribute towards sustainable development.
3. To sensitize students towards issues related to ‘Indian’ culture, tradition and its
composite character.
4. To make students aware of holistic life styles of Yogic-science and wisdom capsules in
Sanskrit literature that are important in modern society with rapid technological
advancements and societal disruptions.
5. To acquaint students with Indian Knowledge System, Indian perspective of modern
scientific world-view and basic principles of Yoga and holistic health care system.
 Topic objectives

Students will be able to know the following concepts:

• Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India
• Current developments in Arts and Culture
• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World.
 Indian Architecture

• Ancient Indian architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent from the Indian Bronze Age to around 800 CE.
By this endpoint Buddhism in India had greatly declined, and Hinduism was predominant, and religious and secular
building styles had taken on forms, with great regional variation, which they largely retained until and beyond the great
changes brought about by the arrival of first Islam, and then Europeans.
• Much early Indian architecture was in wood, which has almost always decayed or burnt, or brick, which has often been
taken away for re-use. The large amount of Indian rock-cut architecture, essentially beginning around 250 BCE, is
therefore especially important,
 Indian Architecture

• In the Bronze Age the first cities emerged in the Indus Valley Civilization. Archaeology has unearthed urbanization phase
from early Harappan in Kalibangan to the late Harappan phase when urbanization declined but was preserved in few
pockets.
• The Mahajanapada period was characterized by Indian coins and use of stone in the Indian architecture.
• The Mauryan period is considered as the beginning of the classical period of Indian architecture. Nagara and Dravidian
architectural styles developed in the early medieval period with the rise of Hindu revivalism and predominant role
of Hindu temple architecture in the Indian Subcontinent.
 Indian Architecture

Rock-cut Hindu temple[

The Great Chaitya in the Buddhist
Karla Caves, Maharashtra, India, c.
120 CE
 Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India

• Indians were familiar with Sthapaty Kala i.e., art of construction.

• The knowledge of civil engineering and architecture acquired by Harappan people is undisputed.
• The knowledge of construction and its use once again caught momentum in later vedic period and finally culminated into
second urban revolution in sixth century B.C.
 Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India

• The development and growth of the science is best manifested in the form of temples, palaces and forts. Indian
architecture and civil engineering reached Baluchistan, Central Asia, Sri Lanka, South-East Asian countries, Korea, Japan
etc.
• World heritage sites like Ajanta, Ellora, Khajuraho, Sanchi, Mahabalipuram etc. bear the testimony of excellent planning
and execution by architects and craftsmen.
 Engineering and Architecture in Ancient India

Ancient India not only practised scientific methods of design and construction but also documented them for future
generations. Here are some tips given by ancient sages on selection of site and construction
(1) Vishwakarma Vastu Shastra- Vishwakarma explains the first point of construction in the ancient book Vastu
Shastra – ‘‌‌परिक्ष्येत पश्चात्‌वास्तु प्रकल्पयेत्‌’, This means that before
construction one should test the land. Vishwakarma further says that construction should not be done on the land
which is very mountainous or on land with large cracks.
(2) Kashyap Shilpa (Craft) – In this ancient book, Kashyap Rishi has said that the foundation should be dug until
water is seen because this way you would ensure that you have reached the rock level and the foundation would be
strong.
(3) Bhrigu Samhita – In this scripture saint Bhrigu says that before buying land, one should test it for form, colour,
juice, smell and touch. Rishi Bhrigu also explains its methods in his book.
 A comprehensive form of architecture in India

 Ancient Indian architecture was very comprehensive.

 It included cities, buildings, temples, sculptures, and painting.
 The cities consisted of roads, water supply system, public utility, bathroom, drains, buildings were also categorised
according to their shapes, their direction, measurement, type of land/soil on which they were built, nature of objects
used in construction etc.
 A comprehensive form of architecture in India

 In the water supply system, the idea of dams, wells, basins, canals, rivers etc. was also considered.
 For centuries, construction work was done in villages and cities of India on this basis.
 For craft work, soil, inlays, limestone, wood, metal and gems were used.
 Each of these materials was properly tested and used as per their need.
 Great Indian Architects

• 1. Achyut Puroshottam Kanvind

• The recipient of Padma Shri in 1974 for his contribution in the Science and Engineering field, Kanvind
specialised in the Brutalist or Brutalism architecture style.
• He has carried out several major construction design projects such as the ISKCON Temple in New Delhi and the
Dudhsagar Dairy Complex which is the largest milk processing unit in Gujarat.
 Great Indian Architects

• 2. B. V. Doshi
• He is considered as the most important and the most influential architects of India and is responsible for the
progression of Indian architecture. Doshi has won several awards for his professional contributions such as the
Padma Shri in 1976 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2018.
 Great Indian Architects

• 3. Nariman Gandhi
• Studied from the same school of architecture as Achyut Kavind, Gandhi is considered a legend for his
unconventional architectural creations which specialised in organic architecture.
• 4. Hafeez Contractor
• The man responsible for the three tallest buildings in India, The 42 in Kolkata and The Imperial twin-towers of
Mumbai, Hafeez Contractor is also a recipient of the 2016 Padma Bhushan.
 Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent

• Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent, partly because of the climate of the Indian subcontinent makes the long-term
survival of organic materials difficult, essentially consists of sculpture of stone, metal or terracotta. It is clear there was a
great deal of painting, and sculpture in wood and ivory.
 Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent

• The first known sculpture in the Indian subcontinent is from the Indus Valley civilization, and a more widespread tradition
of small terracotta figures, mostly either of women or animals, which predates it.
• Thus the great tradition of Indian monumental sculpture in stone appears to begin relatively late, with the reign
of Asoka from 270 to 232 BCE, and the Pillars of Ashoka he erected around India, carrying his edicts and topped by
famous sculptures of animals, mostly lions, of which six survive
 Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent

• The pink sandstone Hindu, Jain and Buddhist sculptures of Mathura from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE reflected both native
Indian traditions and the Western influences received through the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, and effectively
established the basis for subsequent Indian religious sculpture. The style was developed and diffused through most of India
under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550) which remains a "classical" period for Indian sculpture, covering the earlier Ellora
Caves, though the Elephanta Caves are probably slightly later.
 Bronze age sculpture

The Pashupati seal, showing a seated figure, Priest king of Mohenjo daro
surrounded by animals
 Pre-Mauryan art

Terracotta figurine, Mathura, 4th century BCE

Anthropomorphological artefact. Copper Hoard
Culture (2nd millennium BCE). Mathura Museum.
 Sources of Indian History – Archaeological Sources: Coins, Seals and Inscriptions

• The coins are the earliest evidence of the economic activity of the human being. When early men started to have surplus
produce, the need for exchange was felt. In the primitive society, this exchange was done through barter – commodity for
commodity or commodity for service.
• However, as the social structure grew complex and the needs of the people multiplied, a metallic medium, commonly
accepted by all, came into use. Later metallic pieces of definite weight and purity came into use in India. These pieces
were stamped with certain symbols, probably to vouch for their weight and fineness.
• Thus, Punch Marked Coins, the earliest coinage of the world was born in India. The coins were primarily minted in gold,
silver and copper, but sometimes alloys of different metals were also used.
 Coins

• On the basis of their contents the coins are of two kinds: uninscribed and inscribed.
• The coins bearing inscriptions or the legends generally display the name and title of the issuer, and sometimes,
particularly during the medieval times, also the date and place of their issue.
• These features help a historian in ascertaining the development, use and extent of a particular script, the name of
the issuer, his reign, the extent of his empire and a number of such things.
 Coins in India

• Coinage of India began anywhere between early 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE,
and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. The coins of this period
were Karshapanas or Pana. The tradition of Indian coinage in the 2nd millennium evolved
with Indo Islamic rule in India.
• The history of coins of India has evolved over time. Buying and selling began with cowrie
shells and beads being used as money. This use of commodity money paved the way for the
barter system. Coins evolved from the problems associated with the barter system.
• Precious metals were shaped and then struck with designs and marks so that they could be used
as legal tender or coins in India. For convenience, they have been categorised into ancient
coins, medieval coins, colonial coins, and modern Indian coins.
 Coins in India

• The earliest coins of India were silver punch-marked ones. They were struck with individual punches bearing a
design and were circulated in the Janapadas. Each Janapada had its own combination of punches. One of the
peculiar punch mark coins is that of the Gandhara Janapada.
• These coins were elongated and punched on each end with the six-armed symbol. Gold, copper, lead and billon
coins soon came into circulation.
• During the British rule in India, currency slowly, but steadily shifted from precious metals to token currency. Coins
of British India were minted in brass, bronze, aluminium, stainless steel, and other metals which were not deemed
precious.
 Pottery in India

• Indus Valley Civilization has an ancient tradition of pottery making. Though the origin
of pottery in India can be traced back to the much earlier Mesolithic age, with coarse
handmade pottery - bowls, jars, vessels - in various colors such as red, orange, brown, black and
cream.
• Famous for pottery in India
• Khurja in Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh is a famous tourist attraction, thanks to the
colourful pottery it produces. Also known as the 'ceramic city', the Khurja pottery, which the
GI tag, boasts of a variety of tea-sets, crockery, and ceramic tile works.
 Dance in Ancient India

Introduction:
• In Hindu mythology, dance is believed to have been conceived by Brahma. Brahma inspired
the sage Bharata Muni to write the Natya Shastra, a treatise on performing arts, from which a
codified practice of dance and drama emerged.
• India’s classical performing art germinated from theory. Ancient texts of Natya Shastra consist
of 6,000 poems in 36 chapters describing the foundations of music, dance, and literature. The
art encyclopedia, written by Bharata Muni, gives details of specific limb movement and facial
expressions that dance must incorporate. Here’s a look at the ancient classical dance forms in
India.
 Dance in Ancient India

Bharatnatyam
• Natya Shastra emphasizes that performing arts is not meant for entertainment only.
Bharatnatyam originated in the Southern state of Tamil Nadu. The dance is a physical
expression of mythical stories and is accompanied by classical music.
• Odissi
• This is a form of expression to get immersed in, and that will transport you to a parallel
world of euphoria. Odissi was born in the temples of the Eastern coastal state of Orissa.
 Dance in Ancient India

• Mohiniyattam
• Mohiniyattam originated in the Southern state of Kerala in India. The name comes from a
mythical character Mohini—an enchantress—who is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The dance
form was given the contemporary form in the 18 th century. Mohiniyattam was infamous for
being a dance form of the devadasis (temple slaves).
• Kuchipudi
• Originally Kuchipudi was only performed by men. Even the female characters in the dance
drama would be staged by a man. The dance form originated in Andhra Pradesh and tells
mythological tales like other classical dance forms in India.
 Dance in Ancient India

• Manipuri
• Manipuri originated in the North Eastern part of India. It is characterized by graceful,
swaying movements, and because of the unique costume, it almost looks like dolls
performing on stage. Manipuri is performed at festivals and occasions in North East India. It
is typically a group performance.
• Kathakali
• Another dance that originated in Kerala, Kathakali is a difficult dance form. The performance
is usually done in a theatre play style and it is one of the most complicated forms of dance in
India. The contemporary style of Kathakali originated in the 17 th century.
 Dance in Ancient India

• Kathak
• Kathak originated in North India and the dance form was cultivated in Varanasi, Lucknow,
and Jaipur. Kathak is distinguished by the tapping footwork that is emphasized because of
the ghungroo (an accessory of small bells stitched to an ankle belt) that the dancer has on her
ankle.
• Sattriya
• Sattriya originated in Assam, North East of India. Like many other classical dance forms,
Sattriya is also a tale recitation using performance art. Scholar Srimanta Sankardev is said to
have systemized Sattirya into a performing art form.
 Summary

We have covered the following topics in this lecture:

• Indian Architect & Architecture in Ancient India
• Engineering and Sculptures
• Coins
• Pottery
• Dance
 Prerequisite and Recap

• Indian Architect & Architecture in Ancient India

• Engineering and Sculptures
• Coins
• Pottery
• Dance
 Topic Mapping with course outcomes

Mapping
Unit- So. Topic Course Level
V No. Outcomes

1 Music & Theatre CO5 High

V High
2 drama, Painting & Martial CO5 High
Arts Traditions CO3 Low
 Objectives of topic/Session

• Students will be able to know the following concepts:

• Music & Theatre

• Drama
• Painting & Martial Arts Traditions
 Music in Ancient India

• Brief History of Music in India

• Carnatic music can be traced to the 14th - 15th centuries AD and thereafter. It originated in
South India during the rule of Vijayanagar Empire through the Keerthanas composed by
Purandara Dasa. Like Hindustani music, it is melodic, with improvised variations, but tends
to have more fixed compositions.
• Music festivals: Saptak Festival of Music; Chen
• Music awards: Filmfare Awards; Sangeet Natak
• Music media: Sruti; The Record
 Music in Ancient India

• Which instruments are used in Indian classical music?

• Sitar
• The sitar is a plucked stringed instrument used in Hindustani (North Indian) classical music. The
instrument flourished under the Mughals and it is named after a Persian instrument called the
setar (meaning three strings). The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its
present form in 18th-century India.
• Tabla
• The tabla is a membranophone percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent,
consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music. It has been a
particularly important instrument in Hindustani classical music since the 18th century, and
remains in use in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
 Music in Ancient India

• Vocal
• Many instruments aim to emulate the voice in their technique and expression. In both North
and South India there is a strong tradition of vocal music ranging from extensive elaborations
of ‘ragas’ to lighter songs and romantic or spiritual poetry.
• Veena
• The veena comprises a family of chordophone instruments of the Indian subcontinent. Ancient
musical instruments evolved into many variations, such as lutes, zithers and arched harps. The
many regional designs have different names such as the Rudra veena, the Saraswati veena, the
Vichitra veena and others.
 Ancient Indian Theatre and Drama

• The History Of Indian Theatre

• Indian theatre dates back around 5000 years. The earliest form of Indian theatre was Sanskrit
theatre that emerged sometime around the 2nd century BC. It then flourished between the 1st
and 11th centuries. Soon after, due to the Islamic conquests, theatre was banned and
forbidden.
• Later, village theatre was encouraged across the subcontinent in an attempt to reassert
indigenous values and ideas, developing in a large number of regional languages from the
15th to the 19th centuries.
• Modern Indian theatre developed during the period of British rule. Indian theatre has three
specific periods: the classical period, the traditional period, and the modern period.
 Ancient Indian Theatre and Drama

• Indian theatre is one of the most ancient forms of theatre and it features a detailed textual,
sculptural, and dramatic effects which emerged in mid first millennium BC.
• Like in the areas of music and dance, the Indian theatre is also defined by the dramatic
performance defined by the concept of Natya, which is a Sanskrit word for drama but
encompasses dramatic narrative, virtuostic dance, and music.
• Indian theatre exerted influence beyond its borders, reaching ancient China and other countries
in the Far East.
 Ancient Indian Theatre and Drama

• With the Islamic conquests that began in the 10th and 11th centuries, theatre was discouraged or
forbidden entirely.
• Later, in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas, village theatre was encouraged across
the subcontinent, developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th
centuries.
• Modern Indian theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire, from
the mid-19th century until the mid-20th.
• From the last half of the 19th century, theatres in India experienced a boost in numbers and practice.
After Indian independence in 1947, theatres spread throughout India as one of the means of
entertainment.
 Ancient Indian Theatre and Drama

• In the Natyasastra (Art of Theater), Bharata writes that educated and noble men are the ideal spectators for theatrical
performances, though all four castes attended and sat separately.
• Bharata focuses in particular on a rectangular building measuring 96x48 feet in his treatise’s chapter on three forms
of playhouses.
• This
• rectangular building mimicked a cave in order to resonate actors’ voices.
• Playhouse interiors were divided into a seating area (prekshagriha), and a back section containing a dressing room/
backstage (nepathya) and performance area (ranga).
• The performance area (ranga) consisted of a main area (rangapitha), upstage (rangashirsha), musicians’ area
(kutapa) hidden from the audience’s view with a curtain (yavanika), and two downstages (mattavaranis).
• Multiple performance areas allowed for several events and encounters to take place simultaneously.
• Few props, scenery, and decorations were used; instead, location and actions were indicated through symbolic
movements and mime.
• Unlike Greek and Roman theater, women and men could be actors.
 Classical Indian Drama

• Bharata describes ten categories of play but two dominated: Nataka—based on mythology and heroic tales,
and prakarana—based on fictitious stories and less important characters.
• Indian dramatists composed plays in a mixture of Sanskrit and dialects known as Prakrit.
• The finest Sanskrit plays parallel the flourishing of science, math, literature, and philosophy during the Gupta
Dynasty (240–550 c.e.).
• Kalidasa’s epic romance Shakuntala is considered by many to be the finest Sanskrit play.
• Muslim invasions and political instability led to the disappearance of Sanskrit theater by 1000 c.e.
 Painting in India

• The tradition of paintings has been carried on in the Indian subcontinent since the ancient times. With time, Indian
classical paintings evolved to become a sort of blend of the various traditions influencing them.
• Indian paintings provide on aesthetic continuum that extends from the early civilization to the present day. In the
beginning Indian painting was essentially religious in purpose. But as year passed by Indian painting became a fusion
of various culture and traditions.
• During the colonial era, Western influences started to make an impact on Indian art. By the time of Independence in
1947, several schools of art in India provided access to modern techniques and ideas. Galleries were established to
showcase these artists. Indian Art got a boost with the economic liberalization of the country since early 1990s.
Artists from various fields now started bringing in varied styles of work
• Post liberalization. Indian art thus works not only within the confines to academic traditions but also outside it.
 Painting in India

• Origin of painting in India

• There is a Legend in India that Brahma taught a king how to bring back to life the dead son of a
brahmin by executing a portrait of the deceased, which he endowed with life. Brahma as the creator is
also associated with Vishvakarma, The divine architect and the presiding genius of art and crafts.
• Ancient Period Origin: Paintings as an art from flourished in India from very early times as is evident
from the remains have been discovered in caves, and the literary source.
 Genres of Painting in India

• Cave Painting : Cave paintings of India date back to the prehistoric times. The finest examples of these
paintings comprise of the murals of Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh, Sittanavasal etc. It reflect an emphasis on
naturalism.

• Madubani Painting : Madhubani painting originated in a small village known as Maithili of Bihar. Initially,
the women folk of the village drew the paintings on the walls of their home, as an illustration of their
thoughts, hopes and dreams.

• Miniature Painting : Miniature paintings are handmade paintings, which are quite colourful, but small in
size. The peculiarity of these paintings is the intricate and delicate brush work, which lends them a unique
identity.
Madhubani Painting
Miniature Painting
Warli Painting
 Genres of Painting in India

• Mughal Painting : Mughal painting is a particular style of Indian painting, generally confined to illustrations on the
book and done in miniatures. It emerged, developed and took shape during the period of the Mughal empire. Mughal
painting reflects an exclusive combination of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.

• Mysore Painting : Mysore painting is a form of classical South Indian painting, which evolved in the Mysore city of
Karnataka. These paintings are known for their elegance, muted colours, and attention to detail. The Themes for most
of these paintings are Hindu Gods and Goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology.

• Rajput Painting : Rajput painting originated in the royal states of Rajasthan. Each Rajput Kingdom evolved a distinct
style, but with certain common features, Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the
Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Krishna’s life, beautiful landscapes, and humans . Miniatures were the prefer red
medium of Rajput painting.
 Genres of Painting in India

• Tanjore Painting : Tanjore Painting is one of the most popular forms of classical South Indian Paintings. It is the
native art form of Thanjavur (also known as Tanjore) city of Tamil-Nadu. These dense composition, surface richness
and vibrant colours of Indian Thanjavur paintings distinguish them from the other types of paintings. The themes
for most of these paintings are Hindu Gods and Goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology.

• Pattachitra : Pattachitra refers to the folk painting of the state of Orissa, in the eastern region of India.‘Patta’ in
Sanskrit means ‘Vastra’ or ‘Clothings’ and ‘Chitra’ means paintings. The tradition of Pattachitra is closely linked
with the worship of Lord Jagannath. The painters use vegetable and mineral colours without going for factory made
poster colours. They prepare their own colours.

• Bengal schools of painting : The Bengal School of Art was an influential style of art that flourished in India during
the British Raj in the early 20th Century. It was associated with Indian nationalism, but was also supported and
promoted by many British art administrators. The Bengal School’s influence in India declined with the spread of
modernist ideas in the 1920s.
Patachitra Painting
Phad Painting
Kalamkari Painting
Gond Painting
 Painting in India

• The history of art and paintings in India begins with the pre historic rock paintings at
Bhimbetka caves [Madhya Pradesh] where we have drawings and paintings animals.
The cave paintings of Narsinghgarh show skins of spotted deer left drying. Thousands
of years ago paintings and drawings had already appeared on the seals of Harappa
Civilization.
 Painting in India

• lepyacitras: Represents of folklore.

• Lekhacitras: Line drawings and paintings on textile.
• Dhulitcitras: Paintings on the floor.
• Buddhist Vinayapitaka describes the existence of painted figures in many
royal buildings. The play Mudrarakshasa mentions numerous paintings or
patas.
 Painting in India

• The Vishnudharmotlara purana [7th century A.D.] has a section on paintings

called Chitrasutra which describes the six organs on paintings [Shadanga or
Limbs].
• Rupabheda - Knowledge of appearances
• Pramanam - Correct perception, measure and structure.
• Bhava - Action of feeling on forms.
• Lavanya Yoganam - Infusion of grace, artistic representation.
• Sadrisyam - Similitude
• Varnikabhanga - Artistic manner of using the brush and colours.
 Martial Arts in India

• Indian martial arts refers to the fighting systems of the Indian subcontinent. A variety of terms are used for the
English phrases “Indian martial arts”, usually deriving from Dravidian sources.
• Among the most common terms today, śastra-vidyā, is a compound of the words śastra (weapon)
and vidyā (knowledge).
• Dhanurveda derives from the words for bow (dhanushya) and knowledge (veda), the “science of archery”
in Puranic literature, later applied to martial arts in general.
 Martial Arts in India

• The Vishnu Purana text describes dhanuveda as one of the traditional eighteen branches of “applied knowledge”
or upaveda, along with shastrashastra or military science.
• A later term, yuddha kalā, comes from the words yuddha meaning fight or combat and kalā meaning art or skill.
• The related term śastra kalā (lit. weapon art) usually refers specifically to armed disciplines.
• Another term, yuddha-vidyā or “combat knowledge”, refers to the skills used on the battlefield, encompassing not
only actual fighting but also battle formations and strategy.
• Martial arts are usually learnt and practiced in the traditional akharas.
 Martial Arts

• The martial arts are different systems of fighting taught all over the world. The term
martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was
originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. The
term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman
god of war.
 Martial Arts in India

• 1. Kalaripayattu (Oldest Martial Art in India)

• Kalari is a Malayalam word which means School/gymnasium/training hall where Martial arts are practiced or taught.
• Kalaripayattu was introduced as martial art by a legend, sage Parasurama, who built temples.
• Originated: In the state of Kerala in 4th century A.D.
 Martial Arts in India

• 2. Silambam (is a kind of Staff Fencing)

• Silambam is promoted in Tamil Nadu by the rulers Pandya, Chola and Chera and the reference to the sale of
Silambam staves, pearls, swords and armours can be seen in a Tamil literature ‘Silapaddigaram’.
• This art also travelled to Malaysia, where it is a famous sport apart from a self defence technique
 Martial Arts in India

• 3. Thang-ta and Sarit Sarak

• Originated: This art was created by the Meitei people of Manipur.
• About it:
• Thang refers to a ‘sword’ while Ta refers to a ‘spear’ and is an armed martial art whereas Sarit Sarak is an unarmed
art form that uses hand to hand combat.
• In 17th century this art was used by Manipuri kings against Britishers later on when Britishers captured the area this
technique was banned.
 Martial Arts in India

• 4. Thoda
• Thoda name is derived from the round wooden piece attached to the head of an arrow to minimise its lethal potential.
• It is a mixture of martial art, sport and culture.
• It takes place during Baisakhi every year.
• This martial art relies on a player’s of skill of archery and can be dated back at the time of Mahabharata where bows
and arrows were used in the valleys of Kullu and Manali.
 Martial Arts in India

• 5. Gatka
• Gatka is a weapon based martial art form performed by Sikhs of Punjab.
• Gatka means whose freedom belongs to grace. Others say that ‘Gatka’ comes from a Sanskrit word ‘Gadha’ means
mace.
• This art uses weapons like Kirpan, Talwar and Kataar.
• It is displayed in various occasions, celebrations in the state including fairs.
 Martial Arts in India

• 6. Lathi
• Lathi is one of the oldest weapon used in martial arts.
• Lathi refers to a ‘stick’ mainly cane sticks which is generally 6 to 8 feet in length and sometimes metal tipped.
• It is also a common sport in various villages of the country.
 Martial Arts in India

• 7. Inbuan Wrestling
• Originated: Mizoram, beleived to have its genesis in 1750 A.D. in Duntland village.
• About it:
• This art consists of very strict rules that prohobit stepping out the circle, kicking and knee bending.
• It also involves catching of the belt worn around their waist by the wrestlers.
 Martial Arts in India

• 8. Musti Yuddha
• Originated: Varanasi
• Techniques: Kicks, punches, knee and elbow strikes are the techniques used by this martial art.
• About it:
• It is an unarmed martial art form.
• Since 1960 it is a popular art.
 Martial Arts

• Kung Fu
• Chinese martial arts, also referred to by the Mandarin Chinese term
wushu and popularly as kung fu (Chinese: 功 夫 ; pinyin: gōngfu), are a
number of fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in
China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common
traits, identified as "families" ( 家 , jiā), "sects" ( 派 , pài) or "schools"
( 門 , mén) of martial arts. Examples of such traits include physical
exercises involving animal mimicry, or training methods inspired by
Chinese philosophies, religions and legends.
 Martial Arts

• Karate
• Karate is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands in what is now
Okinawa, Japan. It was developed partially from local Okinawan fighting
methods and from Chinese kenpō. Karate is a striking art using punching,
kicking, knee and elbow strikes, and open-handed techniques such as
knife-hands.
• Jujutsu
• Jujutsu (Japanese: 柔 術 , jūjutsu, also known as jujitsu), is a Japanese
martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an armed and
armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon.
 Martial Arts

• Capoeira
• Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art that combines elements of dance,
and music. It was created in Brazil mainly by descendants of African
slaves with Brazilian native influences, probably beginning in the 16th
century. It is known by quick and complex moves, using mainly power,
speed, and leverage for leg sweeps.
 Summary

• We have covered the following topics in this lecture:

• Music & Theatre
• Drama
• Painting & Martial Arts Traditions
 Prerequisite and Recap

• Music & Theatre

• Drama
• Painting & Martial Arts Traditions
 Topic Mapping with course outcomes

Mapping
Unit-V So. Topic Course Level
No. Outcomes

Fairs and Festivals CO5 High

V 1
Current developments in Arts CO2 High
2 and Cultural CO5 High
 Objectives of topic/Session

• Students will be able to know the following things:

• Fairs and Festivals

• Current developments in Arts and Cultural
• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World
• Indian Cinema
 Fairs and Festivals in India

• India, the land of varied culture and traditions, is a land of festivals and fairs. It is a land of
festivity, religious as well as folkloristic. Wherever you go, to the north or south, west or east
you would be able to enjoy a festival every moth or so. Be it religious or cultural, it gives
everyone the opportunity to enjoy and join the festivity.
• Festivals are the time to rejoice and have fun. Following are some of India’s most enjoyed
festivals.
 Major Festivals in India

• Diwali: The Grand Festival Of Lights (4 November, Thursday)

• Holi: The Vibrant Festival Of Colours (29th March, Monday)
• Dussehra: Witness The Triumph Of Good Over Evil (15th October, Friday)
• Navratri: The Nine Days Of Fasting, Faith, & Devotion (7th Oct to 14th Oct)
• Durga Puja: Of Prosperity, Goodness, And Devotion ( Begins On 15th October, Friday)
• Krishna Janmashtami: The Birth Of The Mighty & Mischievous (30th August, Monday)
 Major Festivals in India

• Ganesh Chaturthi: Eleven Days Of Pampering Lord Ganesha! (10th September, Friday)
• Gurpurab: Religious Processions & Peaceful Hymns (19th November, Friday)
• Raksha Bandhan: Strengthening The Bond Of Kinship (22nd August, Sunday)
• Eid-Ul-Fitr: Sumptuous Buffets & Sweet Festivities (13th May, Thursday)
• Bihu: Dance, Music, And Laughter (Begins on 13th April, Tuesday)
• Hemis: Soothing Chants And Colourful Costumes (Begins on 30th June, Wednesday)
• Onam: Welcoming The Mighty Mahabali (Begins on 23rd August, Monday)
• Pongal: Rich Rangolis And Sweet Savories (Begins on 17th January, Sunday)
 Festivals in India

Diwali
• It is the most popular festival in India.
• Significance: The festival marks the return of Lord Rama, along with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana,
after a long exile of 14 years.
Key attractions: Homes decorated with fancy lights, candles and clay lamps, bustling shops and markets, and
fireworks and crackers
When: The darkest new moon night of Kartik month of the Hindu lunisolar calendar, which corresponds to
mid-October – mid-November as per the Gregorian Calendar
Where: All over the country
 Festivals in India

• Holi
• Also known as the festival of colors, holi is one of the famous festivals of India, celebrated with a lot of fervor across
the country. On the eve of Holi, people make huge Holika bonfires and sing and dance around it. On the day of Holi,
the famous festival of Indian states, people gather in open areas and apply dry and wet colors of multiple hues to
each other, with some carrying water guns and colored water-filled balloons. It tops the charts of 10 famous festivals
in India as it is celebrated all across the world with happiness.
• Significance: It signifies the victory of good (Prince Prahlad) over evil (Holika) and the arrival of spring.
Key attractions: Holika bonfire, playing with colors, and bhang thandai
When: Full moon (Purnima) of the Phalgun month of the Hindu lunisolar calendar, which corresponds to the month
of March of the Gregorian calendar
 Festivals in India

• Dussehra, also referred to as Vijayadashami, is also among the most famous festivals of India in Hindu religion.
• It is celebrated in different forms of countrywide.
• Ramlila (enactment of scenes from Ramayana) is held everywhere for 10 days. It’s culminated with “Ravan Dahan”
– the burning of huge effigies of Ravana, Meghnath, and Kumbhkaran which is a real spectacle to see.
• While in Mysore, a colorful procession is taken out, in Kullu it is celebrated for 10 days welcoming their mountain
deities in the valley.
• When: 10th day of the month of Ashwin according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, which corresponds to September
or October of the Gregorian calendar
 Festivals in India

• Janmashtami is again a beautiful one among the most important religious festivals of India. Janmashtami
celebrations in Mathura and Vrindavan are very popular.
• People fast throughout the day and break it with a special meal after dusk which makes it one of the important in
the list of festivals of India.
• Images and picturization of Krishna’s life story are depicted in the “jhankis” in temples.
• When: The 8th day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) of the month of Bhadrapada according to the
Hindu lunisolar calendar, which corresponds to August or September of the Gregorian calendar
 Fairs and Festivals in India

• Baisakhi
• Baisakhi, also known as vaisaki is a festival celebrated across the northern Indian subcontinent, especially in the
Punjab region by the Sikh community. More recently, this festival is also celebrated around the world by Sikh
diaspora.
• For the Sikh community this festival commemorates the establishment of the Khalsa. It is also celebrated by
Hindus and Buddhists for different reasons including the start of a new year. People in the Punjab Region regard
Vaisakhi as a harvest festival.
• The festival bears a great significance for the Sikhs due of the fact that on the Vaisakhi Day in the year 1699, the
10th Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh laid down the foundation of the Panth Khalsa, that is the Order of the
Pure Ones.
 Fairs and Festivals in India

• Christmas
• Christmas is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ and a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated
generally on December 25 by millions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes
the Advent season and initiates the twelve days of Christmastide, which ends after the twelfth night.
• Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated by an increasing number of non Christians, and
is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season.
 Fairs and Festivals in India

• Eid
• Eid al-Fitr also called Feast of Breaking the Fast, the Sugar Feast, Bayram (Bajram), the Sweet Festival and the
Lesser Eid, is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the
Islamic holy month of fasting.
• The religious Eid is a single day and Muslims are not permitted to fast on that day. The holiday celebrates the
conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan. The day of Eid,
therefore, falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal.
 Festivals in India

• Ganesh Chaturthi, another one of the important Hindu religious festivals of India , is a 10-day affair of colorful
festivities. Huge handcrafted Ganesh idols are installed in homes or outdoors, in public pandals. Pujas are performed in
the morning and the evening. The last day is the day of Visarjan – immersion of an idol in a water body. Cultural
activities of singing, dancing, and theater, and free medical and blood donation camps are held.
• When: The 4th day of the first fortnight (Shukla Chaturthi) in the month of Bhadrapada of the Hindu lunisolar
calendar, which corresponds to August or September of the Gregorian calendar
 Festivals in India

• Raksha Bandhan
• One of the famous festivals in the list of festivals of India, Rakhi is celebrated among Hindu. Signifying the brother-
sister bonding, during Rakhi, the sister performs Aarti (prayer), applies tilak, and ties rakhi (a sacred thread) on the
brother’s wrist wishing his well being. The brother, in return, vows to protect the sister. Another festival which has a
strong similarity to Rakhi is Bhai Dooj which comes just after Diwali.
• When: The full moon day of Shravana month of the Hindu lunisolar calendar, which corresponds to August of the
Gregorian calendar
 Festivals in India

• Basant Panchami
• Celebrated in the months of January or February, Basant Panchmi is dedicated to Goddess Saraswati and is one of
the famous festivals of India. It is an important day for scholars and students when they worship the Goddess of
Knowledge. It is widely celebrated in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Punjab, and Haryana. People in
Rajasthan offer jasmine garlands to the goddess and langars are held in the state of Punjab.
• It is celebrated on the fifth day of Magha month of Hindu calendar.
 Fairs in India

• Kumbh Mela – Major Pilgrimage Festival In Hinduism

• One of the most religious festivals of India, Kumbh Mela is celebrated in a cycle of 12 years, approximately at four
banks of rivers that are considered holy – namely Prayag, Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain. The pilgrims in this festival
dip in the holy waters to get rid of all their sins in life. Along with this, the celebrations also include exorbitant fair,
religious discourses by gurus and saints, mass feedings of the poor, and more!
• Where: Haridwar, Allahabad, Ujjain, and Nasik (On rotation)
Kumbh Mela 2021: 14th January to 27th April 2021
 Fairs in India

• http://www.leadthecompetition.in/GK/fairs-of-india.html
 Current developments in Arts and Culture

• https://www.fresherslive.com/current-affairs/arts-culture-current-affairs
 Current developments in Arts and
Cultural

• Culture plays an important role in the development of any nation. It represents a set of shared attitudes, values,
goals and practices.
• A country as diverse as India is symbolized by the plurality of its culture.
India has one of the world’s largest collections of songs, music, dance, theatre, folk traditions, performing arts, rites
and rituals, paintings and writings that are known, as the ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ (ICH) of humanity.
• In order to preserve these elements, the Ministry of Culture implements a number of schemes and programmes
aimed at providing financial support to individuals, groups and cultural organizations engaged in performing, visual
and literary arts etc.
 Summary

• We have covered the following topics in this lecture:

• Fairs and Festivals
• Current developments in Arts and Cultural
 Prerequisite and Recap

• Fairs and Festivals

• Current developments in Arts and Cultural
 Topic Mapping with course outcomes

Mapping
Unit-V So. Topic Course Level
No. Outcomes

1 Indian’s Cultural CO1 Medium

Contribution to the World CO5 High
2 Indian Cinema CO5 High
 Objectives of topic/Session

• Students will be able to know the following concepts:

• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World

• Indian Cinema
 Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World
• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World
• India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the
country. Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as religions, philosophy has a profound impact across the
world.
• People Of India are culturally diverse, and religion plays an important role in the life of the country. About 81
percent of the people practice Hinduism, a religion that originated in India.
• Another 13 percent are Muslims, and millions of others are Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains. There are
Eighteen major languages and more than 1,000 minor languages and dialects are spoken in India.
 Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World

• Language
• Sanskrit is the mother of all Languages. Sanskrit was the root of all Indo European languages.
• Sanskrit is one of the official languages of India.
• Sanskrit is now attracting the modern world
• Ramayana And Mahabharata Were Also Written In Sanskrit
 Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World

• Influence Of Sanskrit Language In The World

• List of english words derieved from sanskrit:- there are approx 400 words used from sanskrit language
• Some of them are:
• Gau (meaning Cow)
• Matr(meaning Mother)
• Jan(meaning gene)
• Madhyam(meaning medium)
• Kaal(meaning calender)
• Pithr(meaning father)
 Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World

• Ayurveda, which literally means the science of life (Ayur = Life, Veda = Science), ayurveda is an ancient medical
science which was developed in India thousands of years ago.
• Ayurveda is an ageless medical system of ancient India.
• It is said that ayurveda cuts the deseases from its root irrespective of other treatment.
• Ayurveda influenced the ancient civilizations such as Egyptian, Greek, Chinese and Roman
• Ayurvedic medicine help treat Asthma,cancer, High blood pressure or cholesterol that’s why world’s top researchers
are researching on ayurveda for more fruitful medicines.
 Indian great Contribution to the World

• https://www.famousscientists.org/15-famous-indian-scientists-inventions/
 Indian Cinema

• Indian Cinema
• The Indian Cinema has undergone a massive change over the years. It started in 1913 from silent movies to the
first talkie in 1931 to the colored movies to the hi-tech ones today
• Early Indian Film History
• First cinema show was on July 7,1896 in Bombay.
• Early films were British and American imports.
• In early 1930's , Indian production companies grew and were mainly centered in Bombay.
• Musical and dance numbers were popular in Indian films , reflecting the importance of music and dance in Hindu
culture.
 Indian Cinema

• Evolution of Indian films

• India’s first full length film was made by Dadasaheb Phulke called “Raja Harishchandra”.
• India’s first talkie film was “AlamAra”
• Also India’s first coloured film was “Kisan Kanya”
• The Black and Whites
• Indian black and whites ruled on the industry from 1913 to 1936.
• It marked the importance of music in the industry.
• Many superstars came in the limelight in this period.
 Indian Cinema

• The Golden Age

• The time period from 1944 to 1960’s was considered the Golden Age of Indian cinema.
• New techniques and the “parallel cinema movement” made this cinema the most liked
entertainment source among the people of India.
 Indian Cinema

• Diversity in Indian cinema

• There Are About Approximately 16 Different Film Industries In India, Depending Upon The Language Used By
An Individual Industry.
• Modern Indian cinema
• The amazing action, thrill, comedy and suspense movies that we see are a part of the modern Indian cinema.
• The Indian film industry is annually producing about 1000 films becoming the largest film maker in the world.
 Indian Cinema

• Global impact of Indian cinema

• The Indian films like “The Slumdog Millionaire” are hitting the Oscar.
• Indian films are being shown in International Film festivals.
• Indian productions are doing a lucrative business over the globe.
• Impacts of cinema
• Imitations of the actors and actresses in terms of hairstyles, dresses, etc is a very popular craze in our country.
• Also some bad habits might be adopted due to the influence of cinema.
 Indian Cinema

Awards on Indian cinema

• Different awards given to the stars appreciates their work and encourages them to continue with their good
work.

• https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/gk-questions-and-answers-on-the-indian-cinema-1549
443229-1
 Faculty Video Links, You tube & NPTEL Video
Links and Online Courses Details

• Youtube/other Video Links:

• https://youtu.be/y7ELIegItxY
• https://youtu.be/7PuuAgeSRpU
• https://youtu.be/RVT60SA3KgM
• https://youtu.be/b-4bQjBiXxA
 Daily Quiz

1. Which of the traditional textile motif is related to the French naut open work and Herringbone
stitch techniques?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
2. Which of the traditional textile motif is the basically means ‘throat’, is associated with Lord
Shiva?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
 Daily Quiz

3. Which of the following traditional textile motif is named after the village?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
4. Which of the following is very popular art form is practiced by the Lohana Community?
A. Chamba Handkerchief
B. Banni and Heer Bharat
C. Kutch and Kathiawar Embroidery
D. Bagh Kashidakari
 Daily Quiz

5. Lakshmana is considered to be the incarnation of whom?

A. Lord Vishnu
B. Lord Shiva
C. Lord Brahma
D. Sheshnag
6. What was the name of the forest where Lord Rama, Lakshmana and Goddess Sita
stayed during exile?
A. Aranya
B. Aranyak
C. Dandakaranya
D. Karanya
 MCQs

1. Which of the traditional textile motif is related to the French naut open work and
Herringbone stitch techniques?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
2. Which of the traditional textile motif is the basically means ‘throat’, is associated with
Lord Shiva?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
 MCQs

3. Which of the following traditional textile motif is named after the village?
A. Chikankari of Lucknow
B. Kantha of West Bengal
C. Pipli Applique Work
D. Rajasthani Embroidery
4. Which of the following is very popular art form is practiced by the Lohana Community?
A. Chamba Handkerchief
B. Banni and Heer Bharat
C. Kutch and Kathiawar Embroidery
D. Bagh Kashidakari
 MCQs

5. Lakshmana is considered to be the incarnation of whom?

A. Lord Vishnu
B. Lord Shiva
C. Lord Brahma
D. Sheshnag
6. What was the name of the forest where Lord Rama, Lakshmana and
Goddess Sita stayed during exile?
A. Aranya
B. Aranyak
C. Dandakaranya
D. Karanya
 MCQ s

7. Who among the following said “Liberty is the opposite of over government”?
A. Seeley
B. Prof. Ramsay Muir
C. Laski
D. J.S Mill
8. What is meant by Social Justice.
A. All should have same Political Rights.
B. All should have same Economic rights.
C. All kinds of discrimination and privileges based on caste, colour, creed and sex
should be eliminated.
D. All should have the right to freedom of religion.
 MCQ s

9. Traditional approach give stress on:

A. Values.
B. Facts.
C. Objectivity.
D. Precision.
10. Hobbes Theory of Social Contract is explained in his book. A. Republic. B. Prince. C. Social
Contract. D. Leviathan.
11. Which one of the following is not relevant to Traditional Approach.
A. Philosophical B. Historical. C. Institutional D. Behavioural.
12. Integration of Political Science with other Social Sciences Is a basic principle of
A. Traditionalism. B. Behaviouralism. C. Liberalism. D. Post – Behaviouralism.
 MCQ s

13. Integration of Political Science with other Social Sciences Is a basic principle of
A. Traditionalism. B. Behaviouralism. C. Liberalism. D. Post – Behaviouralism.
14. The success of democracy depends upon
A. Periodic Elections. B. Voting. C. Campaigning in The Elections. D. All of the above
15. Who wrote the book ‘A Grammar of politics’
A. Laski
B. Hegal
C. J.S Mill
D T.H Green
 MCQ s

16. The concept of Greek, ‘Justice’ was

A. Legal
B. Moral
C. Social
D. Political
17. The origin of democracy can be traced back to
A. Ancient Greek City States
B. Medieval Period
C. Modern Era
D. Feudalism
 MCQs

16. Which is not a source of fresh water?

A. Glaciers and ice sheets
B. Groundwater
C. Surface run off
D. Oceans
17. Which of the following are not causes of water scarcity?
A. Growing population
B. Growing of water intensive crop
C. Water harvesting technique
D. Industries
E. Roof top harvesting system
 Weekly Assignment

Q.1Throw the light on agriculture in ancient India.

Q.2 State your views about chemistry in India.
Q.3Discuss the biology in ancient India.
Q.4 Write a note on Harappan technology.
Q.5 Discuss the textile in ancient India.
Q. 6 What are some famous styles of martial arts from your country?
Q.7 Why do you think people practice martial arts?
Q.8 How does Kung Fu compare to western boxing?
Q.9 Do you think practicing Tai Chi is good for your health?
 Expected Questions for University Exam

Q.1Throw the light on agriculture in ancient India.

Q.2 State your views about chemistry in India.
Q.3Discuss the biology in ancient India.
Q.4 Write a note on Harappan technology.
Q.5 Discuss the textile in ancient India.
Q. 6 What are some famous styles of martial arts from your country?
Q.7 Why do you think people practice martial arts?
Q.8 How does Kung Fu compare to western boxing?
Q.9 Do you think practicing Tai Chi is good for your health?
 Old Question papers

Subject introduced for the first time!!

 Summary

• We have covered the following topics in this lecture:

• Indian’s Cultural Contribution to the World
• Indian Cinema
 References

References :
1. V. Sivaramakrishna (Ed.), Cultural Heritage of India-
Course Material, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, 5th
Edition, 2014
2. S. Baliyan, Indian Art and Culture, Oxford University
Press, India
3. Swami Jitatmanand, Modern Physics and Vedant,
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
4. Romila Thapar, Readings In Early Indian History Oxford
University Press , India

Source: www.aktuonline.org
 References

Thank You