Cells and Body Systems

Unit 3
How many
body systems
make up our
body?
Your body is amazing!
Did you know...
The heart beats about 3 billion times in the average person's
lifetime?
A new born baby has 350 bones, but a fully-grown adult has
only 206?
Blood is a liquid organ

The surface area of the lungs is approximately the same size

as a tennis court
Food will get to your stomach even if you're standing on your
head
Skin is the largest body organ
Body Systems in
Humans
How do different systems in the human
body work together to keep us healthy,
and what happens when one of these
systems isn't functioning properly?
Big Idea 3
How do the parts of a How do different systems in
cell work together to the human body work
keep living things together to keep us healthy,
organized? and what happens when one
of these systems isn't
functioning properly?

How does our body move

things in and out of the
cell, and why is this
important?
 The lettuce was watered with water sourced from nearby farms or
streams that contained runoff from areas where livestock are raised.
Which body system is impacted by consuming
contaminated lettuce?
Print this for
students
5 1

2
6 3
7 4

8
9

11
10
Digestive System Function: To break down and process
food into energy to help our bodies
grow and eliminate solid wastes we
Path of food: don't need.
1. Food enters
mouth

2. Goes down
the esophagus
3. Then to the stomach,
where pepsin helps
digestion

4. Then to the 5. Then the

small intestines large intestine

6. To the rectum and

out through the anus These are the organs that
food directly passes through!
Journey of food through our digestive system...
Beware! Not for the light-hearted!
Types of Digestion
Digestive System
Chemicals that help:

Amylase is an enzyme in our Pepsin is an enzyme produced in

saliva in our mouth, where it the stomach to help break down
begins the chemical process of food
digestion
Digestive System
Accessory organs:
Pancreas, gall bladder, and liver aid in chemical digestion
Steps of the Digestive Process
The digestive
system is
amazing
Review
• Go and Get Digestive
Optional/Supplementary:
Digestive System Doodle
Notes
(Page 15 only)
Stephanie Ingred's initial symptoms are diarrhea
and nausea. This is due to the presence of Shiga
toxins, which can significantly impact the
digestive system in several ways, including:

Is she the only victim of Shiga

toxin exposure?
 Respiratory System

U2T6 Respiratory System R

eading and Sketch Note Ac
tivity
(pages 1 to 3 only)
Respiratory System
nasal
cavity
nose
mout
h

alveoli
trachea
bronchi
lung
bronchiole

diaphragm
Respiratory System
Pathway of air:

1. Mouth cavity / nasal

cavity

2. To trachea

3. To bronchi
(singular:
bronchus) 4. To bronchiole

5. To alveoli
(singular: alveolus)
What is the role of
epiglottis?
Alveoli
• Key to lung
function
• Where Oxygen
enters blood
• Where Carbon
Dioxide leaves
blood
• Every Alveoli is
capillary covered
sac

Diffusion or osmosis?
Respiratory system
How does air move in and out of our body?

The diaphragm muscles and rib muscles help to draw

in air when they contract.
Respiratory System
 Shiga toxins can also affect the
respiratory system in some ways:
Circulatory System
• Carries food and gases around the body and removes wastes.

Blood
vessels
Blood vessels: arteries, Heart
veins, and smallest
blood vessels are called
capillaries

Blood
Blood Vessels – page 24​
Circulatory System
Types of blood vessels:

Made of only thin

epithelial tissue- only 1
Capillary
cell thick
(smallest blood
vessels

Vein

Artery
Muscle

Muscle

Made of thick muscle tissue Made of thinner muscle

to be strong enough to tissues; Has valves to
withstand pressure of blood prevent blood from flowing
pumping backwards
Why do we need blood?
In multicellular organisms, most cells are not in direct
contact with air and nutrients. Substances must be
brought to these cells... through blood in the
circulatory system!
What's in our blood? Identify 4 major components!
What's in our blood?
•Centrifuge
•Spins the blood
so that heavy
components will
stay at the
bottom.
•Remember
density?
1 water
2 soluble substances
 proteins
 nutrients
 waste
 gases
 hormones
 antibodies
Components of the blood –
page 25

Please create a
separate section
for plasma, as it is
not included in
the organizer.
The Heart – page 26
Circulatory System
Structure of the heart:
• Heart has 4 chambers

Atria and ventricles

are separated by
valves
Circulatory System
Structure of the heart:
• Heart has 4 blood vessels
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Aorta

Pulmonary Artery
Vena Cava

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium
Right Atrium

Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Vena Cava
How do all the cells
of your body get
oxygen?
 Circulation of Blood
Veins carry
Arteries carry
blood back
blood away
to the
from the heart
heart

Capillaries
branch in
among tissue
cells. Here,
materials are
exchanged
Diffusion or osmosis?
Shiga toxins can also affect the
circulatory system in some ways:
Respiratory, Circulatory
, Digestive – Page 4 onl
y
 How the Respiratory and
Circulatory Systems Connect
• Among the tissues of the lung, these two systems come in closest contact.

Diffusion or osmosis?
Diffusion or osmosis?
 How do all the cells of
your body get nutrients
from food?
 How the Circulatory and
Digestive Systems Connect
• Food is digested and in absorbable form in the small intestines.
 How the Circulatory and
Digestive Systems Connect
• Fingerlike projections called villi are present in small intestines to
increase surface area for absorption
Diffusion or osmosis?
• Inside each villus are blood capillaries
• The blood carries absorbed food from the digestive system and
takes them around the body to all cells.
Diffusion and Osmosis in the Small
Intestine
 Infection: Attachment and colonization of the intestines
(damaged of microvilli) = diarrhea. Eventually, the toxins
will be absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream.
How does your body make
pee?
Urinary System
Urinary System – Page 23
Urinary System
• The main function of the urinary system is the filtering of
blood.
• It consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
What color is your pee?
Shiga toxins can also affect the urinary system in some
ways:
Once the toxins enter the bloodstream, they are distributed
throughout the body, impacting various organs.
Nervous
System
- page 37
Nervous System
Why do we get goosebumps?
Goosebumps are produced by the contraction of small muscles in the skin
that make your hair stand.
Nervous System
What does your body do to help you cool down?
Your nervous system signals for blood vessels in the skin to expand. This
increases your blood flow near the surface where heat can be lost to the
outside.
Shiga toxins can also affect the nervous system in
some ways:
Once the toxins enter the bloodstream, they are distributed
throughout the body, impacting various organs.
 Write here

How do the parts SNAP Stations

Microscope Activities
of a cell work Cells Gizmos
together to keep Specialized Cells
living things Presentations
organized?
How does our Agar Cell Diffusion
body move things Naked Eggs Osmosis
Osmosis and Diffusion
in and out of cells, Worksheets
and why is this Carrot Osmosis
important?
How do different Magic School Bus
systems in the human Digestive and
body work together to Respiratory
keep us healthy, and Graphic Organizers,
what happens when one Doodle Notes, Reading
of these systems isn't Activities
functioning properly? Cow's Heart Observation
How do the parts of a How do different systems in the
human body work together to
cell work together to keep us healthy, and what
keep living things happens when one of these
systems isn't functioning
organized? properly?
Key words: cell Key words: digestive,
organelles, cell, tissue, respiratory, circulatory,
organ, organ system, urinary, nervous
organism system

How does our

body move things in
and out of cells, and
why is this important?
Key words: cell,
diffusion, osmosis,
semi-permeable
membrane,
concentration, swell,
shrink