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ITP

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to a reduced platelet count, resulting in symptoms like easy bruising and bleeding. It can be classified as primary or secondary, with various causes including infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, and blood tests, while treatment options include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and splenectomy.

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4 views

ITP

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to a reduced platelet count, resulting in symptoms like easy bruising and bleeding. It can be classified as primary or secondary, with various causes including infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, and blood tests, while treatment options include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and splenectomy.

Uploaded by

sanakha0422
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMMUNE THROMBOCYOPENIC

PURPURA
WHAT IS ITP?

ITP is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a unique immune


system dysfunction that results in a diminished platelet count.

• This leads to bleeding and easy bruising

• Also Called
1. Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.
2. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
3. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
4. Werlhof disease.
5. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
EPIDEMIOLOGY

• 1 to 3 cases per 100,000 in Adults


• about 4 in 100,000 children
• more in children than in adults
• more in females compared to males.
CAUSES
Autoimmune Response
Infections:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella-zoster
virus (VZV)
H. pylori Infection
Autoimmune Diseases:
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis.
Lymphoproliferative Disorders:
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Medications:
heparin, quinine, sulfonamides, and certain antiplatelet drugs
Pregnancy:(due to changes in the immune system)
Post-Vaccination ITP
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Immune system recognizes its own platelets as foreign bodies
2. Antibodies are made against body’s own platelets- PAIgGs
3. PAIgGs attack and destroy own platelets
4. Increased platelet destruction (also leading to spleenomegaly)and
overload on production
5. impaired maturation of platelets and decreased platelet count
6. impaired hemostasis when injury occurs
TYPES
Primary (Idiopathic) ITP:
• The majority of cases of ITP are primary or idiopathic,
meaning there is no clear underlying cause.
• Primary ITP is characterized by an autoimmune response
where the immune system mistakenly targets and
destroys platelets.
• Primary ITP can manifest as either acute or chronic,
depending on the duration of thrombocytopenia.
Secondary ITP:
• Secondary ITP is associated with an underlying condition
or trigger that contributes to the development of
thrombocytopenia.
• It can be secondary to autoimmune diseases such as
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid
arthritis.
• Certain infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, HIV, or
hepatitis C, can lead to secondary ITP.
• Some medications, like heparin or certain antibiotics, may
induce secondary ITP.
Post-infectious ITP:
• This type of ITP occurs after a viral or bacterial infection.
• It is often seen in children and may follow a viral illness,
such as mumps, rubella, or chickenpox.
• Post-infectious ITP is typically acute and tends to resolve
spontaneously.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Petechiae:. Petechiae are a hallmark sign of ITP.


Purpura:which occur due to bleeding underneath the
skin.
Easy Bruising:Individuals with ITP may bruise easily,
even with minimal trauma or without apparent cause.
Nosebleeds (Epistaxis)
Bleeding Gums
Hematuria
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Blood in Stool
Headaches
Fatigue
DIAGNOSIS

Personal Medical history- previous history of symptoms


Physical Examination
• bruising,
• petechiae
• Enlarged spleen
• Enlarged liver
Complete Blood Count (CBC):
low platelet count- key diagnostic feature
Peripheral Blood Smear:
Immature large platelets
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy:
increased or normal megakaryocytes
PAIgG test: (Platelet associated immunoglobulins IgG / IgM)
positive
Screening for infections:
HIV, hepatitis C, and Helicobacter pylori - in case of secondary ITP
TREATMENT

Corticosteroids
Intravenous IG (IVIG)
Anti-D IG
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists (TPO-RAs)
Splenectomy
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Platelet Transfusions
COMPLICATIONS:

• bleeding
• hemorrhage
• risk of infections
• adverse effects of treatment
• Psycho-social Impact
• anemia
PREVENTIONS:

• medication adherence
• avoiding injury
• monitorig condition
• proper vaccination
• healthy lifestyle
THANK YOU!

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