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Polio Eradication

The Pulse Polio Programme is an immunization initiative by the Indian government aimed at eradicating poliomyelitis by vaccinating children under five years old. Launched in 1995, India was declared polio-free by the WHO in 2014 after no wild polio cases were reported for five years. The program emphasizes high immunization coverage, surveillance, and community health involvement to prevent polio occurrence.

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10 views16 pages

Polio Eradication

The Pulse Polio Programme is an immunization initiative by the Indian government aimed at eradicating poliomyelitis by vaccinating children under five years old. Launched in 1995, India was declared polio-free by the WHO in 2014 after no wild polio cases were reported for five years. The program emphasizes high immunization coverage, surveillance, and community health involvement to prevent polio occurrence.

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dasnirmal732210
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POLIO ERADICATION : PULSE

POLIO PROGRAMME
INTRODUCTION
Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign
established by the government of India to eliminate
poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children
under the age of five years against the polio virus. The
project fights polio through a large- scale, pulse vaccination
programme and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases.
HISTORY
In 1995, following the Global Polio Eradication
Initiative of the World Health Organization (1988),
India launched Pulse Polio immunization program
with Universal Immunization Program which aimed
at 100% coverage.
The last reported cases of wild polio in India were in
West Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January 2011.
On 27 March 2014, the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared India a polio free country, since no
cases of wild polio been reported in for five years.
World Health Organization
(WHO)
World Health Organization (WHO) defines the polio or
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease
that largely affects children under 5 years of age.
The virus is transmitted by person-to-
person spread mainly through the faecal-oral route
or,less frequently, by a common vehicle
(e.g. contaminated water or food) and multiplies
in the intestine, from where it can invade the
nervous system and cause paralysis.
There is no cure for polio, it can only be
revented by immunization.
CAUSES OF POLIO
The polio is caused by poliovirus.
The poliovirus is a member of a large
family known as Picornaviruses,
Rhinoviruses.
Polio belongs to enteroviruses subgroup
which consists 70 viruses of Intestine.
It is one of the smallest RNA viruses.
Incubation Period is 3 days.
Period of communicability is 10 days.
Favorable environment is in the Rainy
Season.
SYMPTOMS
Non Paralytic Polio Paralytic Polio
 Fever  Loss of reflexes
 Sore Throat  Severe spasm
 Headache  Muscle pain
 Arm and leg pain  High fever
 Muscle  Much weakness
tenderness  Lack of appropriate
 Vomiting orthopedic bracing
 Problem swelling  Sudden paralyze
Cont………
Cont………
POLIO VACCINE
Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent
poliomyelitis (polio).
Two types are used : an inactivated poliovirus given
by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given
by mouth (OPV).
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends
all children be fully vaccinated against polio.
OBJECTIVES
Not a single child should miss the
immunization, leaving no chance of polio
occurrence.
Maintaining a high level of surveillance.
Performance of good mop-up operations where
polio has disappeared.
The Primary Strategies for achieving
eradication of polio are:
Attaining high routine immunization.
Three routine OPV doses should be received by
infants at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks.
National Immunization days.
Mopping up Immunization.
Role of Community Health Nurse
Even sick and new born children are to be given
Polio drops.
These drops are in addition to routine Immunization
doses.
These drops are completely safe and are of highest
quality.
Repeated doses provide additional protection.
Routine polio vaccination at birth, 6 weeks 10
weeks and 14 weeks of age is also essential.
CONCLUSION
Many challenges remain related to programme
access and utilization.
The intensification of UIP (2012-2013) and activities
related to EPRP for polio are synergistic and need
appropriate coordination

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