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x86 Architecture Presentation

The document provides an overview of the x86 architecture, originating from Intel's 8086 processor in 1978, and its evolution through various iterations leading to modern multi-core processors. It highlights key features, applications, strengths, and weaknesses of the architecture, including the transition to x86-64 for 64-bit support. The x86 architecture is essential for understanding contemporary CPU design and computing systems.

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Gaurav Thakur
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x86 Architecture Presentation

The document provides an overview of the x86 architecture, originating from Intel's 8086 processor in 1978, and its evolution through various iterations leading to modern multi-core processors. It highlights key features, applications, strengths, and weaknesses of the architecture, including the transition to x86-64 for 64-bit support. The x86 architecture is essential for understanding contemporary CPU design and computing systems.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to x86 Architecture

• A Case Study on the Evolution of Intel's


Microprocessor Family
• Your Name / College / Date
Introduction
• • x86 is a widely-used instruction set
architecture (ISA)
• • Originated from Intel's 8086 processor in
1978
• • Forms the foundation of modern PCs,
laptops, and servers
Intel 8086 – The Beginning
• • Released: 1978
• • 16-bit processor
• • Registers: AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI
• • Segmented memory model: 1 MB
addressable
• • Clock speed: 5–10 MHz
Evolution of x86 Family
• 8086 (1978): 16-bit, basic x86 ISA
• 80286 (1982): Protected mode
• 80386 (1985): 32-bit architecture
• 80486 (1989): Pipelining, FPU
• Pentium (1993+): Superscalar, MMX
• Core Series (2006+): Multi-core, x86-64
Key Features of x86 Architecture
• • CISC design: Complex instructions
• • Backward compatibility
• • Memory modes: Real, Protected, Long
• • Supports multitasking, segmentation, and
paging
Instruction Set Examples
• • Data Transfer: MOV, PUSH, POP
• • Arithmetic: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV
• • Control Flow: JMP, CALL, RET
• • Logic: AND, OR, XOR
• • String: MOVS, CMPS
Applications of x86 Architecture
• • PCs and Laptops
• • Servers and Data Centers
• • Gaming Consoles
• • Embedded Systems
Strengths and Weaknesses
• **Strengths:**
• • High performance
• • Software and OS support
• • Large developer community

• **Weaknesses:**
• • Power-hungry vs ARM
• • Complex architecture
Modern Extension – x86-64
• • Introduced by AMD as AMD64
• • 64-bit support
• • Extended registers: RAX, RBX, etc.
• • Larger memory addressing and better
performance
Conclusion
• • 8086 introduced the x86 ISA
• • x86 evolved over decades to power modern
computing
• • Essential for understanding CPU architecture
and systems
Difference Between 8086 and x86
• • 8086: First microprocessor that started the
x86 family
• • x86: Family of processors based on 8086
• • Summary: 8086 is the origin; x86 is the
legacy and evolution
Thank You
• • Questions?
• • Your Name / Contact

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