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Basic Grammar - Present Tense

The document provides an overview of English present tenses, including present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous, along with their forms and basic uses. It explains how each tense is applied in various contexts, such as for actions, states, and repeated occurrences. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to reinforce understanding of these tenses.

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2 views22 pages

Basic Grammar - Present Tense

The document provides an overview of English present tenses, including present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous, along with their forms and basic uses. It explains how each tense is applied in various contexts, such as for actions, states, and repeated occurrences. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to reinforce understanding of these tenses.

Uploaded by

rezawidyautama567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Grammar

Present Tenses
Introduction
Tenses Examples
Present simple We play card games every week.
Present continuous We are playing now.
Present perfect We have played two games.
Present perfect continuous We have been playing cards.
Past simple We played tennis yesterday.
Past continuous We were playing with some friends.
Past perfect We had played the day before.
Past perfect continuous We had been playing for ages.
Form of the Simple Present Tense
Type Present Simple Short Forms
Positive I/you/we/they play
He/she/it plays
Negative I/you/we/they do not play I/you/we/they don't play
He/she/it does not play He/she/it doesn't play
Questions Do I/you/we/they play?
Does he/she/it play?
Basic uses of the simple present
tense
1. We use the present simple for a present state.

This might be a feeling, an pinion, or the fact that something belongs to someone.

My girlfriend likes hiphop.

I think it's a good idea.

This bike belongs to my brother.


Basic uses of the present simple

2. We also use the present simple for facts such as what or where things are.

Silicon is a chemical element.

York lies on the River Ouse.


Basic uses of the present simple
3. We use the present simple for repeated actions such as routines and habits, jobs
and hobbies, things that happen again and again.
The old man walks his dog every morning.
Tom works in Oxford. He usually drives to work.
We do lots of things in our spare time. We play volleyball.
I don't often see my cousins.
Typical time expressions with the present simple are always, often, usually,
sometimes, ever never; every day/week, etc; once/twice a week, etc; on Friday(s), etc;
in the morning(s)/evening(s), at ten o'clock, etc.
Form of the Present Continuous
Tense
Type Present Continuous Short Forms
Positive I am playing I’m playing
You/we/they are playing You’re/we’re/they’re playing
He/she/it is playing He’s/she’s/it’s playing
Negative I am not playing I’m not playing
You/we/they are not playing You’re/we’re/they’re not playing
He/she/it is not playing He’s/she’s/it’s not playing
Questions Am I playing?
Are you/we/they playing?
Is he/she/it playing?
Basic uses of the present continuous
1. We use the present continuous for a present action over a period of time, something that we are in
the middle of now. The action has started but it hasn't finished yet.

The train is leaving Victoria now.

Hurry up. Your friends are waiting for you.

What are you reading? ~ It's called 'White Teeth.

I won't be long. I'm just ironing this shirt.

The earth is getting warmer, scientists tell us.

Some typical time expressions with the present continuous are now, at the moment, at present, just, already,
and still.
Basic uses of the present continuous

2. The action does not need to be going on at the moment of speaking, as long as
it has started but not finished.

I'm reading a really interesting novel, but I can't remember what it's called.

Is anyone sitting in this seat? ~ No, it's free.


Form of the Present Perfect Tense
Type Present Perfect
Positive I/you/we/they have played.
He/she/it has played.
Negative I/you/we/they have not played.
He/she/it has not played.
Questions Have I/you/we/they played?
Has he/she/it played?
Basic uses of the present perfect
tense
1. The present perfect tells us about the past and about the present. When we
use the present perfect, we look back from the present. For example, we can
use the present perfect for an action in a period leading up to the present.

The café has just opened. (The café is open now.)

The visitors have arrived. (The visitors are here now.)


Basic uses of the present perfect
tense
2. The period of time referred to by the present perfect can be very long. It can cover the whole
of history or the whole of someone's life up to the present.

I wonder if anyone has ever said that before.

Have you ever ridden a horse? ~ Yes, but not since I was about twelve.

3. We can also use the present perfect for repeated actions before now..

I've ridden horses lots of times.

We've often talked about emigrating to Australia.


Basic uses of the present perfect
tense
3. We can also use the present perfect for a state lasting up to the present.

The cafe has been open for about ten minutes.

I've had these skis for years.

*Some typical time expressions with the present perfect are just, recently, lately,
already, before, so far, still, ever/never, today, this morning/evening, for
weeks/years, since 1998.
Practice
1. She ____ (eat) breakfast already. 7. She ____ (not/meet) him since last year.

2. They ____ (finish) their homework. 8. ____ they ____ (decide) on a location for

3. We ____ (visit) that museum many times. the party yet?

4. I ____ never ____ (see) that movie. 9. The company ____ (recently/launch) a
new product.
5. ____ you ____ (hear) the news about the
storm? 10. By the time the concert ended, we ____
(already/leave) the venue.
6. He ____ (live) in this city for five years.
Form of the Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Type Present Perfect Continuous
Positive I/you/we/they have been playing.
He/she/it has been playing.
Negative I/you/we/they have not been playing.
He/she/it has not been playing.
Questions Have I/you/we/they been playing?
Has he/she/it been playing?
Basic uses of the present perfect
continuous tense
1. We use the present perfect continuous for an action over the period of time
leading up to the present.

Where have you been? ~I’ve been waiting here for half an hour. (not I wait here for
half an hour / I’m waiting here for half an hour.)

Opposition to the regime has been growing recently.

The carpet’s wet. The roof has been leaking.


Basic uses of the present perfect
continuous tense
2. We often use for and since.

We’ve been living here for six years / since April.

3. We can also use the present perfect continuous for a series of repeated actions
in the period leading up to the present.

I’ve been going to evening classes in Arabic.

My brother has been writing letters of protest.


Practice
1. She ____ (study) for three hours. 6. ____ you ____ (exercise) regularly?

2. They ____ (work) on the project since 7. She ____ (not/feel) well lately.
morning. 8. ____ they ____ (practice) for the
3. We ____ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes. competition?

4. He ____ (teach) at this school for five 9. The team ____ (try) to solve the problem
years. all day.

5. I ____ (read) this book for a week now. 10. The company ____ (face) financial
difficulties for several months now.

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