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Topic 6 - Design of Steel Compression Members - Moodle

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6 views27 pages

Topic 6 - Design of Steel Compression Members - Moodle

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077bce134.sagar
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School of Science, Engineering and IT

ENGIN3201 - Structural Design

Design of Steel Members


Carrying Axial Compression
Columns
• Structural members carrying substantial
compression loading and are aligned
vertically are referred to as ‘columns’.
• There are numerous examples of
compression members which are not
necessarily vertical, such as web and chord
members within trusses and struts forming
part of wind bracing systems.
Note:

We will primarily be concentrating on the fundamental


case of steel columns carrying compression loading only,
but note the later discussion on coincident bending.
Section Capacity
Section Capacity Ns = kf An fy (AS4100 Cl. 6.2.1)

= compression capacity if lateral buckling is prevented.


kf = form factor. kf < 1.0 indicates localised
buckling of elements of the cross-section
before full yield is reached.
An = net area of cross-section,
allowing for deductions for holes.

 kf An = area of cross-section which


can reach full yield stress fy
For standard sections, kf is
obtained from
manufacturers tables.

Note that yield stresses in


web and flange may be
different – use lesser values
for compression members.
Member Capacity

Member Capacity Nc =

Member slenderness reduction factor (c)


x
Section Capacity (Ns)

c takes into account reduction of compression


capacity due to buckling (AS4100 Table 6.3.3(3)).
To use this table, need
two parameters:

i) Modified slenderness ratio n

ii) The member section constant b


(AS4100 Tables 6.3.3(1) and 6.3.3(2))

Note: Use this column for SHS,


RHS and CHS members.
The Member Section Constant b

This takes into account the


effect of residual stresses

- Tables 6.3.3(1) & 6.3.3(2)

Note: We will assume that SHS,


RHS and CHS members are non
stress relieved.
The Modified Slenderness Ratio n
n is derived from the slenderness ratio le/r:

 le = effective length

 r = radius of gyration

A modified slenderness ratio n is used, to take into


account the form factor and yield stresses other than
250 MPa:
 le  fy
λ n    kf
 r  250 (AS4100 Cl. 6.3.2.)
Effective Length
Effective length le = ke x l (l = c/c distance between
supporting members)
ke = member effective length factor and
depends on the end conditions:

i) If end conditions
can be represented
by one of the
idealised cases:
Effective Length (Cont.)
ii) If end of member is rigidly connected to other
members in a frame:
Patterned L.L could cause
bending of column.

The degree of rotational restraint at the


ends of column A-B depends upon the
stiffnesses of the members to which it
is connected at both its top and bottom
ends.

Stiffnesses of members meeting


at A and B are evaluated and ke to
be determined from Fig. 4.6.3.3
We won’t consider
this case further
this year.
Important Notice
When evaluating the slenderness ratio le/r,
we need to consider that the member
could buckle about 2 axes.

Therefore, we need to evaluate lex/rx and


ley/ry and use the larger value.
Summary
Section Capacity Ns = kf An fy

Member Capacity Nc = section capacity (Ns)


x
member slenderness reduction factor (c)

Design member compression capacity =  Nc


 = capacity factor (AS4100 Table 3.4)

 = 0.9 for compression members


Summary

Finally, Design member compression capacity =  Nc


 = 0.9 for compression members

Require  Nc  N*
N* = Design axial compression force
DESIGN OF STEEL COMPRESSION
MEMBERS WHICH ARE ALSO EXPERIENCING
BENDING MOMENTS

Even in simple construction (involving ‘pinned’


connections), columns can experience B.M.’s due to
eccentric reaction.

AS4100 Cl. 4.3.4 specifies:


“A beam reaction or a similar load on a
column shall be taken as acting at a
minimum distance of 100mm from the face
of the column…….except that for a column
cap, the load shall be taken as acting at the
face of the column…..”
So, in general, columns have to be designed to carry
‘combined actions’) – AS4100 Section 8.

This can be fairly complex, but we will consider only the simple
case of:
 SHS or CHS sections (which don’t experience flexural-torsional
buckling).
 Bending about one axis only.

 Columns unrestrained over their entire length.


Secondary Effects
Briefly introduced in ‘Introduction to Computer
Analysis of Structures’ in ENGIN2203
Structural Analysis.

B.M. at mid-height of the column = P.


- where  = load eccentricity
+
lateral deflection of column

For slender members, this effect


can be significant and should not
be ignored.
Secondary Effects (Cont.)
This ‘Magnified Moment’ may be determined by:
 Use of the ‘non-linear analysis’ option in Space
Gass, etc (though wouldn’t be used for simple
construction)
 Determination of the moment amplification factor :

- then, design B.M. M* = .M*m (AS4100 Cl. 4.4.2)

- if  exceeds 1.4, a detailed 2nd-order analysis is


required
Checking the Member Strength under Combined Actions

For SHS or CHS sections, which are bending about one


axis only and are unrestrained over their entire length:

M* N *
  1
M s N c
• If either M* or N* are zero, get back to the familiar form applicable
to either beams or columns carrying axial load only.

• When M* and N* co-exist, they each ‘use up’ part of the


member capacity.
Questions?

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