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5 views

Parallel Algorithms Presentation (1)

Uploaded by

Lameck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Parallel Algorithms: Concepts and

Applications
• Prepared by: [Your Name]
• Institution: [Your Institution]
• Date: [Today's Date]
Introduction
• Definition: Algorithms designed to execute
multiple operations simultaneously.
• Importance: Speeds up computations,
enhances resource utilization.
Overview
• Applications:
• - Weather forecasting
• - Data analysis in machine learning
• - Real-time graphics rendering
• - Financial modeling
Parallel Algorithm Models
• 1. PRAM (Parallel Random Access Machine)
• 2. Distributed Memory Model
• 3. Shared Memory Model
Decomposition Techniques
• Decomposition: Breaking problems into
smaller tasks for parallel execution.
• Types:
• 1. Task Decomposition
• 2. Data Decomposition
Decomposition Types
• Task Parallelism: Unique tasks executed
concurrently.
• Data Parallelism: Same task applied to
different data chunks.
Decomposition Examples
• Task Parallelism: Processing web server
queries.
• Data Parallelism: Matrix multiplication.
Characteristics of Tasks
• 1. Independence: Minimize dependency.
• 2. Granularity: Coarse-grained vs Fine-grained
tasks.
• 3. Scalability: Handle increased workloads
efficiently.
Interactions Between Tasks
• Types of Interactions:
• 1. Data Dependency: Output of one task used
as input by another.
• 2. Synchronization: Coordinating task
completions.
Challenges
• 1. Synchronization overhead
• 2. Communication cost
• 3. Load imbalance
Mapping Techniques
• Mapping: Assigning tasks to processors.
• Goals:
• 1. Maximize resource utilization.
• 2. Minimize communication delays.
Static vs Dynamic Mapping
• Static Mapping: Tasks assigned during compile
time.
• Dynamic Mapping: Tasks assigned during
runtime based on workload.
Load Balancing Examples
• Static: Fixed partitioning in matrix
multiplication.
• Dynamic: Job scheduling in cloud systems.
Interaction Overheads
• Interaction Overheads: Delays caused by
communication, synchronization, or
contention.
Techniques to Reduce Overheads
• 1. Use of local memory
• 2. Efficient synchronization primitives
• 3. Partitioning techniques
Parallel Algorithm Performance
• Performance Metrics:
• 1. Speedup: Ratio of sequential to parallel
time.
• 2. Efficiency: Speedup per processor.
Speedup and Scalability
• Speedup Formula: S_p = T_s / T_p
• Amdahl's Law: Limits speedup based on serial
portions.
Case Study 1
• Matrix Multiplication:
• - Data decomposition across processors.
Case Study 2
• Image Processing:
• - Divide image into segments for parallel
computation.
Parallel Tools
• 1. OpenMP: Shared-memory parallelism.
• 2. MPI: Message passing for distributed
systems.
• 3. CUDA: Parallel computing for GPUs.
Comparative Analysis
• Parallel Algorithms: Faster, resource-intensive.
• Sequential Algorithms: Simpler, slower.
Recent Advances
• 1. AI-driven parallel scheduling
• 2. Quantum parallel algorithms
Trends in Parallel Algorithms
• 1. Energy-efficient computing
• 2. Increased use in AI and big data
Ethics in Parallel Computing
• 1. Fair resource allocation
• 2. Avoiding bias in AI systems powered by
parallel algorithms.
Challenges in Adoption
• 1. High cost of infrastructure
• 2. Need for specialized skills.
Key Takeaways
• 1. Parallel algorithms solve large-scale
problems efficiently.
• 2. Effective load balancing is crucial.
Conclusion
• Parallel algorithms are vital for modern
computing. They enable solving complex
problems faster and more efficiently.
References (1/2)
• 1. Introduction to Parallel Computing by
Ananth Grama et al.
References (2/2)
• 2. Parallel Programming by Michael McCool et
al.
Q&A
• Thank you for your attention!
• Feel free to ask questions.
Extra Slide 1
• Additional content or space for visuals.
Extra Slide 2
• Additional content or space for visuals.

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