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Unit 2.2, 2.3 (Particle Theory, Changing States)

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6 views12 pages

Unit 2.2, 2.3 (Particle Theory, Changing States)

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g01-0009-19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PARTICLE THEORY AND EXPLAINING

PROPERTIES OF SOLID, LIQUID, GAS WITH


PARTICLE THEORY

Objective: At the end of the lesson we will be able to use


particle theory to describe the properties of solid, liquid and gas.
PARTICLE THEORY

• All matters are made of small particles called


atoms. These particles are constantly vibrating
in their own place. The amount of vibration
depends on the thermal energy (heat).
• link
The arrangement of particles in solids, liquids a
nd gases
SOLID

❖ Solid particles are arranged in


fixed pattern.
❖ These particles are tightly
packed and held strongly
together.
❖ They can not move but just can
vibrate in their own position.
LIQUID

❖The particles of liquid touch


each other.
❖They are held together
weakly.
❖They can move past each
other but remain touching
each other.
GAS

❖Particles in gas are long apart


from each other and do not touch
each other.
❖They have no force of attraction
working in between them.
❖They can spread out by
themselves and can fill up the
space they are in.
EXPLAINING THE PROPERTIES OF
MATTER WITH PARTICLE THEORY
❖ The properties of matter depend on how the particles are arranged in them.

❖ SOLID:
a) solids have fixed shape because the
particles are held together with strong force of attraction.

b) solids can not be compressed because there


is no space between the particles.
c) solids can not flow because their particles only vibrate in
their own position.
EXPLAINING THE PROPERTIES OF
MATTER WITH PARTICLE THEORY
❖ LIQUID:
a) volume of liquid can not be changed because the
particles are very close together. b)
liquid can not be squashed because upon applying force, the particles move
past each other.
❖ GAS:
a) gas has no fixed volume or shape because the force of
attraction between particles are very weak and they re far apart from each
other. b) gas can
be squashed easily because the particles have enough space between them.
2.3
EXPLAINING CHANGES OF
STATES
SOLID>LIQUID>GAS---MELTING>EVAPORATION
GAS>LIQUID>SOLID---CONDENSATION>FREEZING
CHANGING STATE
❖ Melting : the process of turning solid into liquid by
heating.
❖ Boiling/evaporation : the process of turning liquid
into gas by heating.
❖ Condensation : the process of turning gas into
liquid by cooling.
❖ Freezing : the process of turning liquid into solid
by cooling.
❖ Sublimation : it is a process in which the solid
directly turns into gas on heating.
❖ Deposition : it is a process opposite of sublimation
where the gas turns into solid on cooling.
MEASURING VOLUME AND TEMPERATURE
OF MATTER WITH APPARATUS
THANK YOU

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