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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Overview and Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

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Ralph Andrew Naldoza Carnate
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6 views

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Overview and Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Uploaded by

Ralph Andrew Naldoza Carnate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY
HAPL12M
R.A. Carnate,
RN
INTRODUCTI
ON TO
ANATOMY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS WILL BE


ABLE TO:

1. DEFINE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CORRECTLY.


2. IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT ORGANS IN EACH
SYSTEM.
3. EXPLAIN THE SYSTEMS PARTS, FUNCTIONS AND
RELATIONS OF EACH SYSTEM TO ANOTHER.
ANATOMY
REFERS TO THE INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE
BODY AND THEIR PHYSICAL
RELATIONSHIPS.
ANATOMY
• THE WORD
“ANATOMY” COMES
FROM THE GREEK
WORDS “ANA,” • Traditionally,
MEANING “UP,” studies of anatomy
have involved
AND “TOME/Y,”
cutting up, or
MEANING “A dissecting,
CUTTING OR organisms.
REMOVAL.”
PHYSIOLOGY

• A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY
THAT DEALS WITH THE
FUNCTIONS AND
ACTIVITIES OF LIFE OR
OF LIVING MATTER
(SUCH AS ORGANS,
TISSUES, OR CELLS)
AND OF THE PHYSICAL
AND CHEMICAL
PHENOMENA
INVOLVED.
• THE WORD
“PHYSIOLOGY”
COMES FROM THE
GREEK WORDS
“PHYSIOS,”
MEANING “NATURE, PHYSIOLOGY
PHYSICAL,” AND
“LOGY,” MEANING
“DENOTING FIELD
OF STUDY.”
THE HUMAN
BODY
SYSTEMS
THE HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS
• NERVOUS SYSTEM
• INTEGUMENTARY (SKIN) SYSTEM
• SKELETAL SYSTEM
• MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• CIRCULATORY (CARDIOVASCULAR)
SYSTEM
• RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS

• DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• IMMUNE SYSTEM
• IMMUNE SYSTEM & LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
• REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONS
 CONTROLS ALL BODY’S FUNCTIONS
 SENSES AND RECOGNIZES INFORMATION FROM INSIDE
AND OUTSIDE OF THE BODY
• MAIN PARTS
 BRAIN
 NERVES
 SPINAL CORD
NERVOUS SYSTEM

• WHAT IT HELPS YOU DO…


MOVEMENT
SENSE THINGS FROM THE
ENVIRONMENT
TRANSMITS SIGNALS BETWEEN THE
BRAIN AND THE REST OF THE BODY,
INCLUDING INTERNAL ORGANS.
NERVOUS
SYSTEM

• INTERACTIONS WITH
OTHER SYSTEMS:
ALL SYSTEMS –
HELPS KEEP THE
SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONING BY
INSTRUCTIONS
AND DIRECTIONS.
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
INTEGUMENT
ARY (SKIN)
•
SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
AGAINST DISEASE
 HELPS MAINTAIN
BODY TEMPERATURE
 KEEPS FLUIDS INSIDE
• MAIN PARTS
 SKIN
 SWEAT GLANDS
 HAIR
 NAILS
• WHAT IT HELPS YOU
DO…
HELPS YOU MAINTAIN
FLUIDS (DON’T
INTEGUMENT DEHYDRATE)
ARY (SKIN) HELPS YOU KNOW
SYSTEM YOUR ENVIRONMENT
BY FEELING THINGS
AROUND YOU
PROTECT ORGANS
REMOVE WASTE
• INTERACTIONS WITH
OTHER SYSTEMS…
WORKS WITH THE
EXCRETORY AND
INTEGUMENT
THE IMMUNE ARY (SKIN)
SYSTEM TO HELP
REMOVE SYSTEM
CELLULAR WASTE
AND PROTECT US
FROM DISEASE.
INTEGUMENTA
RY (SKIN)
SYSTEM
SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROGRAPH (SEM) OF
A FREEZE-FRACTURED
SECTION THROUGH
HUMAN SKIN
SKELETAL SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONS
SUPPORT AND PROTECT BODY
PARTS.
HELPS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
(A STATE OF BALANCE)
MAKES RED BLOOD CELLS (RED
BONE MARROW)
SKELETAL SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONS
HELPS SUPPORT YOUR BODY PARTS
HELPS SUPPORT YOUR BODY DURING MOVEMENT
HELPS PROTECT YOUR MAJOR ORGANS:
SKULL PROTECTS THE BRAIN
STERNUM AND RIBS PROTECTS THE HEART AND LUNGS
VERTEBRA PROTECT THE SPINAL CORD
SKELETAL SYSTEM

• MAIN PARTS
BONES
CARTILAGE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SKELETAL SYSTEM

• INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER


SYSTEMS…
WORKS WITH THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM TO HELP
YOU MOVE.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Functions Main Parts


Helps you move. Muscles
Moves materials through Tendons
the body Ligaments
Muscles in organs
• HELP YOU…
HELPS YOU MOVE
HELPS YOU MOVE
MATERIALS THROUGH
THE BODY
MUSCULAR MAINTAIN
SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS
SKELETAL MUSCLES
WORK IN PAIRS: ONE
CONTRACTS AND THE
OTHER RETURNS TO
ITS ORIGINAL
LENGTH.
• INTERACTIONS WITH
OTHER SYSTEMS…
 WORKS WITH THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM TO
HELP YOU MOVE BY
YOUR MUSCLES
PULLING ON YOUR
BONES.
 WORKS WITH THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
MUSCULAR
CONTROLS THE TYPES
OF MOVEMENTS:
SYSTEM
VOLUNTARY (UNDER
YOUR CONTROL – EX:
TALKING) AND
INVOLUNTARY (NOT
UNDER YOUR CONTROL
– EX: HEARTBEAT)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES


FOUND IN THE BODY:

 CARDIAC – FOUND IN THE


HEART
 SKELETAL- ATTACHES TO
THE BONES
 SMOOTH – LINES ORGANS
AND VESSELS.
CIRCULATORY (CARDIOVASCULAR)
SYSTEM

Functions Main Parts


Carries blood and nutrients to the Heart
cells of the body
Blood (made up of plasma,
Carries waste away from the
cells, such as carbon dioxide red blood cells, white blood
cells & platelets)
Veins
Arteries
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCULAR)
SYSTEM
• WHAT IT HELPS YOU DO…

 ARTERIES HELP CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD


AWAY FROM THE HEART
 VEINS CARRY UN-OXYGENATED BLOOD
TOWARD THE HEART
 CAPILLARIES ARE TINY BLOOD VESSELS THAT
CONNECT ARTERIES AND VEINS. GAS
EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE HERE.
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCU
LAR)
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCU
LAR)
SYSTEM
ARTERIES
VEINS
CAPILLARI
ES
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCU
LAR)
SYSTEM
ARTERIES
VEINS
CAPILLARI
ES
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCULAR) SYSTEM
• INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SYSTEMS:

 WORKS WITH THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TO HELP YOU


TRANSPORT OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
 WORKS WITH THE EXCRETORY TO HELP REMOVE
WASTE FROM THE BODY.
 WORKS WITH THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO TRANSPORT
NUTRIENTS.
 WORKS WITH THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TO HELP
CIRCULATE NUTRIENTS.
 CIRCULATORY – TRANSPORTS VITAL MATERIALS TO THE
CELLS
CIRCULATORY
(CARDIOVASCULA
R) SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• FUNCTION
 PUTS OXYGEN INTO THE BODY &
REMOVES CARBON DIOXIDE
• MAIN PARTS
 LUNGS
 NASAL PASSAGES
 THROAT
 NOSE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• WHAT IT HELPS YOU DO…

BREATHE
SUSTAIN LIFE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER


SYSTEMS:

WORKS WITH THE CIRCULATORY


SYSTEM TO PROVIDE THIS OXYGEN
AND TO REMOVE THE WASTE
PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS
 TAKES FOOD & BREAKS IT DOWN INTO
NUTRIENTS THE BODY NEEDS
• MAIN PARTS
 MOUTH
 STOMACH
 LIVER
 PANCREAS
 SMALL INTESTINES
 LARGE INTESTINES
 RECTUM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• WHAT IT HELPS YOU DO…

IT PROVIDES NUTRIENTS


TO YOUR BODY’S CELLS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• WHAT SYSTEM DOES IT


INTERACT WITH:

CIRCULATORY – TO HELP
DISTRIBUTE THE BODY’S
NUTRIENTS
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS
REMOVES WASTES FROM BLOOD
REMOVES HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
FROM BLOOD
REGULATES BODY FLUIDS

• MAIN PARTS
KIDNEYS
URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM

• WHAT IT HELPS
YOU DO…
MAINTAIN
HOMEOSTASIS
REMOVES
WASTE
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
• WHAT SYSTEM
DOES IT
INTERACT
WITH:

CIRCULATOR
Y – TO HELP
REMOVE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS
FIGHTS OFF
DISEASES
IMMUNE SYSTEM
IMMUNE SYSTEM &
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• MAIN PARTS

LYMPH NODES
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
SKIN
IMMUNE What it helps you do…

SYSTEM • Maintain a healthy body


• Fights off infections

& Interactions with other


LYMPHATI systems:
• Circulatory, integumentary, lymphatic
C SYSTEM – helps fight diseases
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
• WHAT IT HELPS
YOU DO…

SENDS
HORMONES TO
YOUR BODY
DEPENDING
ON WHAT
HORMONE YOU
NEED VIA
BLOOD
STREAM.
PANCREAS
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS

PRODUCE
OFFSPRING

• MALES- MAKE
SPERM
• FEMALES-
MAKE EGGS
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
• MAIN PARTS
MALE
PENIS
TESTES
• FEMALE
UTERUS
OVARY
VAGINA

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