UNIT 2

INTERNATIONAL TRENDS
 EMERGING
State of the art INDIAN
automationSCENARIO
and ever-improving technology
aids smooth aviation operations. There are new aircrafts
with high fuel-efficiency and other devices coming up to
aid airline management and airport management.
 The customer expectations have increased. Since airlines
and airports provide experience as an intangible product,
they need to be always tuned with upcoming market
changes and maintain customer loyalty towards
themselves.
 Upgrading the aircrafts (the hard product) is still a
challenge because of the expenses for purchasing them.
The paybacks can be extremely positive or negative down
the future timeline. Today most of the airlines are focusing
on maintaining their aircrafts and enhancing the customer
experience (the soft product) right from booking their
tickets up to their arrival at the destination.
 EMERGING INDIAN SCENARIO

 Airlines are focusing also on the cost controls

through refining organizational structure, model
of operations, and work practices.
 The Low Cost Carriers’ growth rates continues to
be above-average in the aviation industry. But
there are challenges to face such as customer
expectations, especially in full-service airline
markets.
PPP IN INDIAN AIRPORT
PPP IN INDIAN AIRPORT

 Indian airports were managed by Civil Aviation

Department, Government of India, till the creation of
International Airports Authority of India (IAAI) in 1972 and
National Airports Authority (NAA) in 1986.

 In 1995 Airports Authority of India (AAI) was established

by merging both IAAI and NAA by an Act of Parliament –
The Airports Authority of India Act in 1994 – for better and
efficient management of all airports in India by a single
Authority. PPP IN AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
 At Present - AAI manages 128 airports
which includes: -
 15 International airports –
 8 Custom airports –
 25 Civil Enclaves –
 80 Domestic airports
 Increased traffic and cargo growth has led to
congestion/ saturation at different airports in
India, e.g. Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Kolkata, Chennai etc.

Hence, country requires

 New Airports
 Expansion of capacity at existing airports
 Induction of Technology for efficient handling of
Passenger and cargo.
 Better Management Practices
 For all this additional funds to the tune of Rs.
40,000 crores + Rs. 454 crores for airports in
North East are required

 The revenue surplus generated by AAI in 2005-06

was Rs. 812 crores.

 The annual requirement of funds in the future is

expected to be much more than the AAI can
generate.
NEED FOR PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN
AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
 To bridge the resource gap for achieving the following
objectives
 To build world-class airports with modern technology and
efficient management practices.
 To make the airport user friendly and achieve higher level
of customer satisfaction.
 To lay special emphasis on the development of
infrastructure for remote and inaccessible areas.
 To provide airport capacity ahead of demand.
 To encourage greater efficiency in Airport Operations.
 To provide multi-modal linkages. PPP IN INDIAN AIRPORTS
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN AVIATION
METEOROLOGY SERVICES FOR
AVIATION
 “Meteorology and flight planning are totally hand in hand,” says
Pitchford. “Not only where you’re going, but what it’s going to be like
when you get there.”
 “Take-offs are optional. Landings are mandatory.”
 Aviation meteorology is the study of weather from the unique
perspective of the aviation industry.
 This subject began during the era of hot-air balloons and gliders. ...
 Subjects such as high-level or “clear-air” turbulence materialized as
aircraft regularly penetrated largely unexplored regions of the
atmosphere
AIRPORT/AIRLINE TERMINAL MANAGEMENT
 Flight Information System
 Flight Information Counter/ Reservation and Ticketing
 Baggage Screening / X-ray Machine Area
 Check In
 Emigration/Immigration Clearance
 Customs Clearance
 Cabin baggage screening / X-ray machine area
 Pre boarding lounge or Boarding Lounge
 SLPC (Secondary Ladder Point Check)
 Re Verification of Boarding Card
AIRPORT OPERATOR
 A legal person authorized to manage or
operate an airport.
 airport operator means and includes the Civil
Aviation Authority and any other authority or
organization or office managing or operating a
customs airport, as notified under section 9 of
the Customs Act, 1969 (Act No. IV of 1969
 airport operator means a municipality, county,
or airport authority that owns or operates a
commercial airport.
AIRPORT FEES, RATES, AND
CHARGES
 “ Airport Tax ” It is the amount
charged to a Passenger for the use of
the airport facilities that can be
collected by THE CARRIER with prior
authorization, either on the ticket or
at each airport, and must be paid by
the Passenger.
 REGULATORY ISSUES

 Aviation regulatory agencies are

charged with oversight of the aviation
industry. Such agencies are primarily
governmental or international
organizations. The issue of safety is
central to any such agency: Not only
must the aviation industry be
supervised, passenger aircraft must
also be certified safe.
 CARGO TERMINAL MANAGEMENT
 The Air Cargo Terminal is the signature element in the
modern International Airports’ operations; it widens
borders and facilitates export and import, accelerates the
logistic processes, and gives high added value for the Air
Cargo shipping.
 Advances Logistic Systems has successfully delivered
Automated Air Cargo Terminals, integrating complex
systems such as the Elevating Transfer Vehicles,
Automated Storage and Retrieval Machines, workstations,
Truck Docks, Conveyors, Scanning devices, IT and PLC
technologies… The Automated Air Cargo facilities
drastically increase the storage capacity of Cargo and
provides swift handling for the Air Freight customers.
ROLE OF AIR CARGO IN INDIAN
ECONOMY
 The rate, pattern and structure of the growth of Indian economy
have significant implications for the Air Cargo logistics Business
in India as these are highly interconnected.
 India’s Gross Domestic Product at constant prices has almost
quadrupled in the last two decades.
 From a slower average annual growth rate of 5.6% in the 1990s
to a moderately faster average annual growth rate of 7.7% in
the first decade of 2000, the growth journey has excited many
investors both in India and abroad.
 The latter part of 2000s particularly in the period 2008-09 to
2010-11 recorded an average annual growth of 8.3
 The current slowdown in 2011-12 is expected to be temporary as
the fundamentals of Indian economy are evaluated to be strong
with high investment rate of 36% and growing domestic
demand.
AIR SIDE MANAGEMENT
 Maintain a high level of airfield and apron safety
as per I.C.A.O standards
 Establish policies and procedures for safe airfield
operations.
 Promotion of safety awareness through training,
licensing and Safety Campaign.
 Enforce ramp safety policies and procedures.
 Develop and implement the ground incident and
accident reporting and investigation system.
AIR SIDE MANAGEMENT

 Carry out audits of airside operators.

 Identify potential incident and accident
conditions, evaluate and implement preventive
measure.
 Dissemination of ramp incidents and accidents
information.
 Coordinating airside Operations during
emergencies
AIR SIDE MANAGEMENT / OPERATIONS KEY ACTIVITY
 Inspecting Movement area
 Issuance of Airside Permit (Driving, PLB & Vehicle Permit)
 Ground Incidents and accidents investigation
 Safety escort or follow -me service
 Enforcement checks
 Work in progress Coordination (WIP)
 Initiation of NOTAM
 Co-ordinations & Meetings with Airlines, Government
Agencies etc.
 Wildlife Hazard Study
GROUND AND FLIGHT SAFETY
 Aviation security is the set of measures and resources
implemented to prevent malicious acts ( terrorism )
targeting aircraft, their passengers and crew members.
 Whilst air transport is the safest means of transportation in the
world, its security has always been at the heart of
the aviation industry's
 But there is a significant difference between the two words
when it comes to air travel.
 Aviation safety refers to the efforts that are taken to ensure
airplanes are free from factors that may lead to injury or loss.
 Aviation security is only one component that may affect
passenger safety.