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Electro Mechanical RelayPLC Its Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of electromechanical relays, explaining their working principle, components, and classifications based on applications and contact configurations. It details how relays operate using electromagnetic fields and mechanical movement to control circuits. Additionally, it covers ladder diagram symbols and the concepts of normally open and normally closed relay contacts.

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kacalisquez02
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14 views

Electro Mechanical RelayPLC Its Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of electromechanical relays, explaining their working principle, components, and classifications based on applications and contact configurations. It details how relays operate using electromagnetic fields and mechanical movement to control circuits. Additionally, it covers ladder diagram symbols and the concepts of normally open and normally closed relay contacts.

Uploaded by

kacalisquez02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electro Mechanical Relay, PLC

and its Fundamentals


• Which component of a mechanical relay
is responsible for creating the
electromagnetic field?
• What is the role of a mechanical relay in a
level or pressure switch system?
• What is the primary function of the
contacts in a mechanical relay?
• How should a relay be tested if its
operation seems intermittent?
Electro Mechanical Relay, PLC
and its Fundamentals
An electromechanical relay is a type of
relay which function using a magnetic
field produced by an electromagnetic
coil when a control signal is applied to
it. It is called as electromechanical
since it has moving contacts in the
output circuit which are operated by
applying an electrical signal.
Electromechanical Relay Working
Principle

An electromechanical relay transfers


signals between its contacts through
a mechanical movement. It has three
sections. input section, control section
and output section.
The input section consists of input
terminals where a small control signal
is to be applied. The control section
has an electromagnetic coil which gets
energized when control input signal is
applied to the input terminals and the
output section consists of an movable
armature and mechanical contacts –
movable and stationary, the movement
of the armature makes or breaks the
electrical circuit.
When an input control voltage is applied
to the electromagnetic coil, it gets
magnetized and the armature is
attracted by the magnetic field produced
by the coil. The movable mechanical
contacts are attached to the armature,
thus when the armature moves towards
the electromagnet, the contacts closes,
making the output circuit switched on.
When the control signal is removed, the
armature
comes back to its original position by
the force of spring, making output
circuit off.
Types of Electromechanical Relays
The electromechanical relays can be
classified on the basis of their
applications, construction &
operation, and contact configuration
etc.
Classification of EMRs based on their
applications
• General Purpose Relays – Such
as miniature relays, latching relays,
timer relays, contactors, machine tool
relays, hybrid relays, smart relays,
signal relays, automobile relays and
PCB relays etc.
• Protection Relays – Such as thermal
overload relays, earth fault relays,
under or over voltage relays, under
or over current relays, buchholz
relay, differential relays, distance
protection relays, sequence
protection relays, electronic relays
etc.
Classification of EMRs based on
contact configurations
• Single-Pole Single-Throw (SPST)
• Single-Pole Double-Throw
(SPDT)
• Double-Pole single-Throw
(DPST)
• Double-Pole Double-Throw
(DPDT)
Ladder Diagram Symbols
Ladder diagrams differ from regular
schematic diagrams of the sort
common to electronics technicians
primarily in the strict orientation of the
wiring: vertical power “rails” and
horizontal control “rungs.” Symbols
also differ a bit from common
electronics notation: relay coils are
drawn as circles, with relay contacts
drawn in a way resembling capacitors:
Unlike schematic diagrams, where the
association between relay coils and
relay contacts is represented by
dashed lines, ladder diagrams
associate coils and contacts by label.
Sometimes you will find relay contacts
labeled identically to the coil (e.g. coil
labeled CR1 and all contacts for that
relay also labeled CR1-) while other
times you will find suffix numbers
used to distinguish individual
contacts within each relay from
each other (e.g. coil labeled CR1
and its three contacts labeled CR1-
1, CR1-2, and CR1-3).
Normally Open and Normally Closed

Perhaps the most confusing aspect


of relay control circuits for students
to grasp is the meaning of normal
as it applies to the status of relay
contacts. As discussed previously,
the word “normal” in this context –
whether it be the status of hand
switches, process switches, or the
the switch contacts inside control
relays – means “in a condition of
rest” or no stimulation. In other
words, a “normally-open” relay
contact is open when the relay coil
is unpowered and closed when the
relay coil is powered. Likewise, a
“normally-closed” relay contact is
closed when the relay coil is
unpowered and open when the relay
Example Relay Control Circuit
Here, both the pressure switch and
the relay contact (CR1-1) are drawn
as normally-closed switch contacts.
This means the pressure switch
contact will be closed when the
applied pressure is less than its trip
point (50 PSI), and the relay switch
contact will be closed when the
relay coil is de-energized.

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