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Gravitation_Presentation

Chapter 7 discusses gravitation, a natural phenomenon where objects with mass attract each other, with historical contributions from Galileo and Newton. Key concepts include Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, escape velocity, and gravitational potential energy. The chapter also includes example problems and exercises for further understanding of these concepts.

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7 views9 pages

Gravitation_Presentation

Chapter 7 discusses gravitation, a natural phenomenon where objects with mass attract each other, with historical contributions from Galileo and Newton. Key concepts include Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, escape velocity, and gravitational potential energy. The chapter also includes example problems and exercises for further understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

sanjaisuri245
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7: Gravitation

Physics | Comprehensive Overview


Introduction
• Gravitation is a natural phenomenon where all
objects with mass attract each other.
Historically studied by Galileo and
mathematically formulated by Newton. Key
aspects include the universal law of
gravitation and its effects on planetary
motion.
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
• 1. Law of Orbits: Planets move in elliptical
orbits with the sun at one focus.
• 2. Law of Areas: A line joining a planet to the
sun sweeps equal areas in equal times.
• 3. Law of Periods: The square of the orbital
period is proportional to the cube of the semi-
major axis.
Newton's Universal Law of
Gravitation
• Every particle attracts every other particle
with a force:
• F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
• Where:
• - G is the gravitational constant (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹
N·m²/kg²).
• - m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the
distance between their centers.
Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)
• On Earth's surface:
• g = G * M / R²
• Where:
• - M = Mass of Earth, R = Radius of Earth.
• - Value: g ≈ 9.8 m/s².
• Variation of g with altitude and depth follows
specific relations.
Escape Velocity
• The minimum speed needed for an object to
escape Earth's gravitational field:
• v_escape = √(2 * G * M / R)
• On Earth: v_escape ≈ 11.2 km/s.
Gravitational Potential Energy
• Energy due to position in a gravitational field:
• U = -G * (m1 * m2) / r
• Negative sign indicates attractive nature.
Example Problem: Escape Velocity
• Q: Calculate escape velocity for Earth (R =
6.37×10⁶ m, M = 5.97×10²⁴ kg).
• Solution:
• v_escape = √(2 * G * M / R)
• v_escape ≈ 11.2 km/s.
Exercises
• 1. Derive Kepler’s Third Law.
• 2. Solve: A satellite orbits Earth at 400 km
altitude. Calculate its speed.
• 3. Prove: Gravitational force inside a spherical
shell is zero.

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