Numbers: Calculations

Jean Paul VEGA

[email protected]
Sets of numbers
Order of Operations Mnemonics
Order of Operations Mnemonics

 Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

 Parenthesis, Exponent , Multiply, Divide, Add,
Subtract
 Be careful when using Calculator

¿ 36 − 3 −2=31
Order of Operations Mnemonics
Order of Operations Mnemonics
Order of Operations Mnemonics
 Factors and multiples
 Factors of 12 are : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
12 = 1x 3 x 4 or 12 = 2 x 6

 Multiples of 12 are: 12, 24, 36

12 = 1 x 12
24 = 2 x 12
36 = 3 x 12
 Prime numbers applications
 Prime number: its integer factors are only
1 and itself: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

19 = 19 x 1 prime
-19 = 19 x 1 x (-1) not prime
8=4x2 not prime
 Decomposition in prime factors to find
Highest Common Factor HCF and Lowest
Commen Multiple
Decomposition into prime factors

24 75
Decomposition into prime factors
 Power and Roots
5 square
= 125 5 cube or 5 to the power 3

square root of 25

or 

cube root of 125

cu. root of 1.953125
 Power and Roots

Cannot take square root of negative

(-2) x (-2) = +4 always positive

number
cannot but OK
Power and Roots
Power and Roots
Power and Roots
Power and Roots
 HCF Highest common factor

12
2 6
2 3
3 1

12 = 2 x 2 x 3

The factors of 12, 18 are 1 and combinations of their prime factors

Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 HCF = 6

 HCF Highest common factor

= = =
 HCF Highest common factor

= = =
 LCM Lowest Common Multiple

12
2 6
2 3
3 1

12 = 2 x 2 x 3

Multiples of 18: 18, 36, 72, … LCM = 36

Take common prime factors 2 x 3
Factors of 12: 12, 24, 36, 48 Multiply with remaining factors: 2 x 3 x 2 x 3
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 36 to get both numbers 12, 18
LCM Lowest Common Multiple

= = =
LCM Lowest Common Multiple

= = =
 Reciprocal or inverse of a number



Fractions, Decimals
Percentages
 Fractions
 1 or more units can be divided into
equal parts called fractions:

 1 pizza cut into 6 equal slices and eat

3 slices

 and I eat 3 x =
 Proper and Improper Fractions
P

 Im
 Mixed to Improper Fractions

 24 is the largest multiple of 4 below 27

Multiply and Divide Fractions

1× 2 ×3
¿
2 ×2 ×3
OK

WRONG !!
 Multiply Fractions

2 2 18 36
× 18= × =
3 3 1 3

2 3 6 1
× = =
3 4 12 2
 Add and Subtract Fractions

Put all fractions on

the same
denominator

4×3 1× 5 12 5 7
− = − =
5 ×3 3× 5 15 15 15
Calculations on fractions
Calculations on fractions
Percentages: denominator =100
 Percentages: denominator =100

Exam: 69 marks out of 75

Percentages: denominator =100
Percentages: denominator =100
Percentages: denominator =100
Percentages: denominator =100
Percentages Increase and Decrease

A phone price changes from $100 to $120

A phone price changes from $120 to $100

=
Percentages Increase and Decrease

A phone price changes from $100 to $120

A phone price changes from $120 to $100

=
 Percentages Increase and Decrease

More rigorous algebra:

New Price =

100% + 12% =
 Percentages Increase and Decrease
Increase Value X by p% =

You buy a phone $150 before discount of 15%

Decrease Value X by p% =

and pay additional tax of 10%. What is the final

price?
 Percentages Increase and Decrease
Increase Value X by p% =

Decrease Value X by p% =

You buy a phone $150 before discount of 15%

and pay additional tax of 10%. What is the final
price?
 Simple Interest
Interest in % is money earned on sums deposited
by customers in a bank account or money
charged by banks when customers borrow a sum
called the principal.

for 1 year

With logic, no need to memorize ear

Simple Interest
Simple Interest
Simple Interest
Simple Interest
 Simple Interest
Alan invests $500 at 1.5%/year simple interest. After n
years, the total value of his investment is $612.5. Find
n
 Simple Interest
Alan invests $500 at 1.5%/year simple interest. After n
years, the total value of his investment is $612.5. Find
n
 Percentages: denominator =100

Star F1 F2 F3 …. …. F11 F12

t
350
 Percentages: denominator =100

Star F1 F2 F3 …. …. F11 F12

t
350 350x(1.1 350x 350x 350x
)

x(1+10%) x(1+10%)
Compounded interest
Compounded interest
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions
 Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

23
×
0.92
% Question
s
100 92% 23 100
× ×
92 100% Total?23 92
×
Percentages: of what?
Of the buying
cost
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

Of the buying
cost
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

Of the buying
cost
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

500
×
15

Bottles Time
90 500 15 90
× ×
15 B? 90 15

500
×
15
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions
Percentages, Ratios, Proportions
 Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

Butter Flour Sugar Currants Cakes

 Percentages, Ratios, Proportions

3 Butter Flour Sugar Currants Cakes

×
150 150 500 50 100 18
600 3 10 1 2 0.36
×
3 600 2000 200 400 72
1000 120
1000 1000
× ×
600 600
Inverse Proportions
 Inverse Proportions

People Days
12 8 6 12
× ÷
8 12 4 8
Ratios
Ratios
 Ratios

Red Blue White Green Total

Ratio 7 5 3 1 16 48000
×
Cars 48000
16
Multiply and Divide Fractions

1× 2 ×3
¿
2 ×2 ×3
OK
Multiply and Divide Fractions

1× 2 ×3
¿
2 ×2 ×3
Multiply and Divide Fractions

1× 2 ×3
¿
2 ×2 ×3
OK
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…

WRONG !!
Algebra, Factorizing…
Algebra, Factorizing…
Solving simple linear equations
Solving simple linear equations
Solving simple linear equations
Solving simple linear equations
Solving simple linear equations
There are 32 Plastic cups and 96 Ceramic
cups. After some Ceramic cups were sold,
the number of Ceramic cups left were 3/7
of the total number of cups left. How many
were sold?
Solving simple linear equations
There are 32 Plastic cups and 96 Ceramic
cups. After some Ceramic cups were sold,
the number of Ceramic cups left were 3/7
of the total number of cups left. How many
were sold?
Solving simple linear equations
10 years ago, a couple’s average age is 28 years
old. In 8 years’ time, the wife will be 44 years
old. How old is her husband now?
Solving simple linear equations
10 years ago, a couple’s average age is 28 years
old. In 8 years’ time, the wife will be 44 years
old. How old is her husband now?
10 y ago: total age = 28 x 2 = 56
In 8 years: Total = 56 + 10 + 10 + 8 + 8 = 92, 
Husband = 92 -44 =48
Now: Husband =48-8 =40 y
Solving simple linear equations
John’s age is 1/8 of his father’s age now. His
father will be 36 years old in 4 years’ time. How
old will John be when he is 3/5 of his father’s
age?
 Solving simple linear equations
John’s age is 1/8 of his father’s age now. His
father will be 36 years old in 4 years’ time. How
old will John be when he is 3/5 of his father’s
age?
J=4 , Father = 32 now
4 + Y = 3/5( 32 + Y)
20 + 5Y = 96 + 3Y  Y=38
J=42 years old
Simultaneous equations: Elimination
Simultaneous equations: Elimination
Simultaneous equations: Elimination
Simultaneous equations: Substitution
Simultaneous equations: Substitution
Simultaneous equations: Substitution
Simultaneous equations
 Simultaneous equations

J + K =160
J=K+8

K = 76 , J = 84 J : K  21 : 19
 Simultaneous equations
Wendy’s savings is $720 more than twice of
Tim’s savings. If Wendy has $1680 more than
Tim, how much should Tim give Wendy so that
she will have 5 times as much as Tim?
 Simultaneous equations
Wendy’s savings is $720 more than twice of
Tim’s savings. If Wendy has $1680 more than
Tim, how much should Tim give Wendy so that
she will have 5 times as much as Tim? T= $960,
W= $2640, Tim must give $360
W=720 + 2T
W=1680+T
(960-G)x5 = 2640 + G  G= 360
 Simultaneous equations
0.6 of the population of town P is equal to 1/4 of the
population in Town Q.
of the population of town P moved to Town Q. After
that there were 3575 more people in town Q than P.
Find the total population P+Q.
 Simultaneous equations
0.6 of the population of town P is equal to 1/4 of the
population in Town Q.
of the population of town P moved to Town Q. After
that there were 3575 more people in town Q than P.
Find the total population P+Q. P= 1625, Q= 3900

0.6 P = 0.25Q  Q= 2.4 P

Laws of Indices / Exponents

( ) ( )
𝑚 𝑛 −𝑝 𝑟 𝑚𝑟 𝑛𝑟 −𝑝 𝑟
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑞
= 𝑞𝑟
𝑑 𝑑
Laws of Indices / Exponents
Laws of Indices / Exponents
Laws of Indices / Exponents