SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

USAGE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TEASE

• 1- Is used to talk about daily action I go to school.

• 2- shows habitual of an action I sorceress

everyday
• 3. Used time expression He goes to mosque a
o'clock
• 4- Shows Permanent actions I pray everyday
• 5- Shows related actions I always go to school
 USAGE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TEASE 2

• 9- Schedule activities we work for 3 hours

• 10- Shows Future -meaning Ali goes to Kabul
forerunner
• 6- Shows like and dislike I love you I hate you
• 7- Shows speech acts I promise you I see you
• 8- Shows feeling I am sick
 KINDS OF FACTS

• Shows facts we have two kinds of fact

• 1 General facts - Is a fact which can be
changed by the passage of time I and a
student
• 2 Universal facts - Is a facts which can not
be changed by the passage of time Allah
is one where does she go
STRUCTURE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• Positive : Sub + V1 + (s , es) + com....

• Ex: Laila cooks rice
• Negative : Sub + do/does + not + V1 + com....
• Ex: Laila does not cook rice
• Question : Do/Does + sub + V1 + com...
• Ex: Does Laila cook rice?
• Wh-word : Wh-word + do/does + sub + V1 + com....
• Ex: What do I do?
 RULES OF THE VERB

• 1. V take (s , es) Ex: calls

• 2. V end e add s Ex: invites
• 3. V end cons + y change y to I add es Ex : Studies
• 4. V end ( s, ss, x, ch, sh,...) add es Ex: watches ,
washes , fixes and etc...
• 5. V end vowel + y just uses ( a, i, e, o, u )
• 6. V end o add es Ex: Motoes
• 7.V end oo add s
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 USAGE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• 1. it shows an action that started and ended at the particular time in the
past
• .Note: Use past time expressions (Yesterday , last week , last month and
etc.)
• Ex: Sana finished her home work yesterday
• 2. It shows an event and story that look place in the past
• Ex: The king sat on his throne in the public eye
• 3. It shows a past habit that doesn't exist now
• Ex: I always spoke Eng , When I was child
• 4. It shows an action that happened before after another action
 STRUCTURE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• Structure + : sub + V2 + com...Speak Spoke

• Ex: I spoke Eng I played Football yesterday l ate Kebab yesterday
• Negative - Sub + did + not + V1 + com...
• Ex- I didn't write H.W I didn't see my father
• Question ? Did + sub + V1 + com...
• Ex- Did you speak Eng Yes. I did
• Wh-word: Wh-word+ did + sub + V1 + com...
• Ex: What did you write When did you swim ? why did you sleep?
Where did you got1
 RULES OF THE VERB

• 1.V take d +e d Ex : called

• 2. V end e add d Ex: Invited
• 3. V end ( s, ss, x, ch, sh,...) add ed Ex:
Watched, Washed and etc...
• 4. V end con + y change to I Ex: Studied
 RULES OF THE VERB

• 5. V end y add ed Ex: played

• 6. Don't double (w , x, y ) because we don't have
(ww , xx, yy ) in Eng language Ex: Fix Fixed
• 7. V end with vowel + vowel + Cons just add (ed)
Fix-fixed Rain-Rained
• 8- V end with vowel + cons + cons Ex: help-helped
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 DEFINITION OF SIMPLE FUTURE

• 1. An action will happen in coming time

• 2. An action which shows predication Ex- It will rain
tomorrow
• 3. No plan For Future Ex- I will go cafe
• 4. An action will use in future
• 5. An action be will happen with fission Ex- I will be in
Kabul can
 STRUCTURE OF SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

• Positive: sub + will/shall + V1 + com...

• Ex: I will go to Mazar Ex: I will visit Kabul Ex: I/we shall call
you
• Negative: Sub + will/shall + not + V1 + com...
• Ex: She will not Performed an stage
• Question: will/shall + sub + V1 + com...
• Ex: Will she call me ? Yes she will Ex: Shall he go to school
 STRUCTURE OF BE GOING TO

• Positive: Sub + am/is/are +be going to + V1 + com...

• Ex : They are going to go Mazar
• Negative: Sub + am/is/are + not + going to+ V1 + com..
• Ex: They are not going to go Mazar
• Question: am/is/are + Sub + be going to + V1 + com...
• Ex: Are they going to go Mazar ?
 CONTRACTION OF WILL 1

• 1. Will be contracted like ('ll) is everyday Eng I will --

I'll He will -- He'll
• 2. We can used contracted from of will (a)After subject
Pronouns (l'll...)
• (b) After names Nadia’ll
• (c) After common nouns - (The class'll ---)
• (d) After question words (who'll ---)
 CONTRACTION OF WILL 2

• 3. But we can't contract will if the words ends in l

or ll after which we use will The hall will be full of
the people
• 4. Won't is the short of form of will not and shan't
is the short form of shall not Will not as won't
shall not as shan't 5.We can also contract will not
like (I'llnot)
 USAGE OF WILL

• 1. Predict Ex: It will rain tomorrow

• 2. Promise Ex: will never leave you
• 3. Inevitability Ex: We will dig one day die
• 4. Sudden action" (no plans) Ex: I will go to park
• 5. Secluded event Ex: I will work for 3 days
• 6. Willingness Ex: I will check your Email If you don't mind
• 7. Threat Ex: if you don't give my money I will call police
PRESENT CONTINUES
TENSE
USAGE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

• 1. Something happening right now Ex : we are setting on

chair.
• 2. Something is happening around now but not exactly at
the time of sparking Ex : We are leaving the class
• 3. Used for happening with period at the time
• Ex: I am studying for today.
• 4. Used for repeated action Ex: I am usually playing
• Note: We used from adverb of frequency
• 5. To talk about changing situation Ex: it's
weather getting darker
• 6. shows state not action know non active
verbs It can not take (ing)Ex: I am sitting
• 7. Some verbs have two usages taste Ex:
I am tasting the food All The food taste is
good
 RULES OF ADDING (ING)

• 1. Add (ing) main verbs to change them into present participle. Ex:
calling
• 2.We can add (ing) with both regular and Irregular verbs. Ex:
Speaking
• 3. Verbs end with (e) remove (e) and add (ing) Ex: Invite – Inviting
• 4. Verbs end with (i) we add ing not ng because of pronunciation Ex:
Skiing
• 5. If a verb end with (ie) change (ie) to (y) and add (ing) Ex: Die --
dying
 STRUCTURE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE

• In this tense we used form am/is/are

• Positive: Sub + am/is/are + V(ing) + com...
• Ex: Ali is calling Nazir
• Negative: Sub + am/is/are + not + V(ing) + com...
• Ex: Ali is not calling Nazir
• Question: am/is/are + sub + V(ing) + com...
• Ex: Is Ali calling Nazir
PAST CONTINUES TENSE
 USAGES OF THE PAST
CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. It shows an action which was in progress in

the past and interrupted by another action.
Exp: "I was sleeping when the phone rang.“
2. For actions happening at a specific moment
in the past:
Exp "I was reading when you called.“
3. For two actions happening at the same
time in the past
Exp: "She was cooking while I was cleaning.“
4. For a temporary situation or action in the
past
Exp: "They were staying with us for a week."
STRUCTURE OF PAST CONTINUES TENSE

• Positive : Sub + was/were + V(ing) + Obj/com…

Exp : I was studying at 8 PM last night.
Exp : They were playing football yesterday afternoon.
• Negative Sub + was/were + not + V(ing) + Obj/Com…
Exp : He wasn't watching TV when I arrived. -
Exp : They were not playing football at that time.
(weren't)
 • 3. Interrogative (Question)
• Structure : Was/Were + Subject + Verb (ing
form) + Object/Complement?
- Example: - Was she studying at 8 PM
yesterday?
- Were they playing football when you arrived?
- Was I interrupting something?
FUTURE CONTINUES
TENSE
 USAGES OF THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
TENSE

1. It shows a progressive action in the future time. Ex: We

will be working on this project.
2. It shows a scheduled action of the future, Ex: Sana will be
coming at 3:00 am.
3. It shows a present probability. Ex: Where is Ali? He may
be sleeping
4. It is used to as about people's duty politely. Ex: will you
be fixing cars? No. I will be fixing bikes.
 STRUCTURE OF FUTURE CONTINUES
TENSE

• Positive : will/shall /be going to + be + Ving + com...

• Ex: Nazir will be living in abroad countries
• Negative : Sub + will/shall + not + be + Ving + com....
• Ex : I will not be watching TV
• Question: will/shall + sub + be + Ving + com....?
• Ex : will she be cooking rice ? Wh-word: wh_w + will/shall
+ sub + be + Ving + com.....?
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 USAGE OF PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
• 1. Actions that happened at an unspecified time before now:
• Example: I have visited Paris. - Here, the exact time of the
visit isn’t important, only that it happened at some point in
the past.
• 2. Actions that started in the past and continue in the
present:
• Example: She has lived in London for five years.
• This shows that she started living in London five years ago
• 3. Experiences:
Example: I have eaten sushi before.
• This implies the experience of eating sushi happened at some
point, but the time is not specified.
• 4. Actions that have an effect on the present:
Example: He has broken his leg.
• The action happened in the past, but it has a result that is
relevant now (he has a broken leg).
• 5. Shows rapidly action adverb of frequency
Example : I have usually played
 SINCE
FOR

Preposition Conjunction
Exp : I have lived in Kabul since 2001 Since + sub
I have lived in Istanbul for 24 years for

Since I was manager, no one

had problem
no one had problem since I
was manager

Note : We used from preposition since and for

 Since – beginning of an action.
 For – duration of an action
 STRUCTURE OF PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
The structure of Present Perfect is simple. It uses the verb "have" (or
"has" for third person singular) + the past participle of the main verb.
1. Positive : Sub + have/has + past participle + com…
Example: They have finished their homework.
2. Negative : Sub + have/has + not + past participle + com…
Example: She has not (hasn't) seen that movie.
3. Interrogative (Question) : Have/Has + sub + past participle +
com…?
Example: Have you ever traveled to Japan?
PAST PERFECT TENSE
 USAGE PAST PERFECT TENSE
1. To show that one action was completed before another action
in the past.
Example: She had left before I arrived.
Here, "had left" happened before "I arrived," so the Past Perfect
shows the action that came first.
2. To show the result of a past action that happened before
another past action
Example: He had finished his homework when I called him.
"He had finished" happened first, and then "I called" happened.
3. To express experiences or actions that were
completed before a certain point in the past
Example: By the time I was 10, I had already
visited three countries.
The action of visiting three countries was
completed before the point of being 10 years old.
4. To emphasize the importance of the first event
over the second one.
Example: I had never seen such a beautiful
sunset before that day.
The past perfect shows that the experience of
seeing a beautiful sunset occurred before the
specific day.
 STRUCTURE OF PAST PERFECT
TENSE
• The Past Perfect tense is formed by using had (for all subjects) + the
past participle of the main verb.
1. Positive: Sub + had + past participle + com…
Example: She had finished her work.
2. Negative: Sub + had + not + past participle + com…
Example: They had not (hadn't) left when I arrived.
3. Interrogative (Question) : Had + subject + past participle + com…?

Example: Had you completed the task before the meeting?