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Seed Germination Lecture Mode

The document discusses seed germination, defining it as the process of an embryo growing into a seedling under favorable conditions, and outlines the types of germination: epigeal, hypogeal, and viviparous. It details the five stages of germination, necessary conditions, and factors affecting germination, as well as seed dormancy types and methods to break dormancy. The advantages and disadvantages of seed dormancy are also highlighted, emphasizing its role in plant survival and challenges in seed management.

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3 views

Seed Germination Lecture Mode

The document discusses seed germination, defining it as the process of an embryo growing into a seedling under favorable conditions, and outlines the types of germination: epigeal, hypogeal, and viviparous. It details the five stages of germination, necessary conditions, and factors affecting germination, as well as seed dormancy types and methods to break dormancy. The advantages and disadvantages of seed dormancy are also highlighted, emphasizing its role in plant survival and challenges in seed management.

Uploaded by

adebayobj.19
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEED GERMINATION

AND DORMANCY
Seed Formation
Plants reproduce when pollen + ovules. The fertilized
ovaries develop into seeds,.
Plant reproduction
Seed Germination
What is Seed Germination?
Seed Germination and growth of an embryo from seed
into seedling during favourable conditions is called seed
germination.
Seed germination = process in which different plant
species grow from a single seed into a plant.
A TYPICAL GERMINATION
TYPES OD SEED GERMINATION
• Seed germination can be classified into two types based
on the fate of the cotyledons:
• Epigeal Germination
• Hypogeal Germination
EPIGEAL GERMINATION
HYPOGEAL
• Viviparous Germination
Five Stages of Seed
Germination

• The process of germination can be understood in five


different stages mentioned below:
• Imbibition:
• Respiration:
• Light on Seed Germination:
• Mobilization of Reserved food during Seed
Germination:
• Development of embryo axis into seedling:
Mobilization of Reserves during Seed
Germination and Role of Growth Regulators:
• Mobilization of Reserves during Seed Germination
and Role of Growth Regulators:
Development of Embryo Axis into Seedling:

• After the translocation of food and its subsequent


assimilation, the cells of the embryo in the growing
regions become metabolically very active. The cells
grow in size and begin divisions to form the seedling.
Conditions Necessary for Seed
Germination
• Conditions Necessary for Seed Germination
• Water:.
• Oxygen:
• Temperature:
• Light:
Factors Affecting Seed
Germination

• Seed germination can be affected by certain internal


and external factors:
• 1.External Factors
• Water:
• Temperature:
• Oxygen:
• Light:
• Soil condition:
Internal factors

• Maturity of Embryo:.
• Viability:
• Dormancy:
SUMMARY
SEED DORMANCY
Types of Seed Dormancy
• Depending on the source of dormancy, seed dormancy
is classified into two types:
• 1) Exogenous Dormancy – factors outside the
embryo environment

• 2) Endogenous Dormancy: Based on the Surrounding


Conditions of the Seed
• i.) Innate Dormancy:
ii.) Enforced Dormancy:
Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy
There are different treatments done to overcome seed dormancy. The methods are given below:
• 1) Methods to Break Dormancy of Seeds with Hard Seed Coat
• Scarification: It is the process of removing the seed coat by mechanically rupturing them. These make a hard
seed coat permeable to water and gases.
• Treating seeds with hot water or concentrated sulphuric acid for a short duration makes the seed coat soft, allowing
water and oxygen to enter.
• 2) Methods to Break Dormancy of Light Sensitive Seeds
• Exposure to white light: Seeds of tobacco and tomato revokes dormancy when exposed to white light after the
seeds have imbibed 30-40% moisture.
• Exposure to red light: Exposure to a very low intensity of light is sufficient to overcome dormancy. Even a brief
exposure to the red light of wavelength 660u is effective for germination overcoming dormancy. In contrast,
exposure to far-red light of wavelength 730u induces dormancy and thus prevents germination. e.g letuce
• Treatment with plant growth hormones: Application of gibberellic acid and kinetin can substitute to the red-
light requirement of lettuce seeds. Thus, seeds can germinate in the presence of these hormones in total darkness.
• 3) Methods to Break Dormancy of Temperature Sensitive Seeds
• Stratification: It is also known as vernalisation. It is the process of incubating seeds at an appropriate low
temperature to break their dormancy. Before exposing to a low temperature, such seeds are allowed to imbibe
water.
• Presence with gibberellic acid: Dormant seeds contain an inhibitory hormone called gibberellic acid, which
disappears during stratification. At this point, gibberellic acid is secreted, which promotes seed germination. Thus,
the chilling requirement can be replaced through the application of gibberellic acid.
• Use of growth-promoting chemicals: Chemicals such as potassium nitrate, thiourea, and ethylene break seed
dormancy and induces germination. Similarly, the application of cytokinin and ethylene also promotes seed
germination.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Seed Dormancy

• Importance
• Helping seeds overcome adverse growth conditions (such as severe cold and water stress) is
injurious for their vegetative and reproductive growth. Seed germination is thus is a survival strategy
in plants.
• Ensuring seeds to germinate only under favourable growth conditions
• Storing seeds without losing their viability for later use. Dormancy helps seeds to remain viable in
the soil for several years, providing a continuous source of the new plant even after natural
calamities such as flooding, earthquakes, or draught.
• Preserving the gene pool thus preventing plant species from getting extinct
• Preventing in-situ germination (vivipary) of seed. Dormancy is necessary for cereal crops. If they
germinate immediately after harvest, they will become unfit for human consumption
• Ensuring proper dispersal of seeds to distant places
• Disadvantages
• Preventing germination of seeds immediately after attaining maturity
• Preventing uniform emergence of seedlings
• Creating difficulty to maintain plant population
• Interfering with seed-testing procedures, thus causing problems to seed analysts
• Allowing noxious weed seeds to germinate that remain dormant for many years in the soil, thus
interfering with the growth of crop plants
• Affecting uniform germination in dormancy revoked seeds

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