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NOUNS

The document provides an overview of nouns, defining them as naming words and categorizing them into various types including proper, common, abstract, concrete, countable, non-countable, collective, and compound nouns. It explains the characteristics and examples of each category, such as proper nouns starting with capital letters and collective nouns representing groups. Additionally, it details the pluralization rules for countable nouns and the nature of non-countable nouns.

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5 views

NOUNS

The document provides an overview of nouns, defining them as naming words and categorizing them into various types including proper, common, abstract, concrete, countable, non-countable, collective, and compound nouns. It explains the characteristics and examples of each category, such as proper nouns starting with capital letters and collective nouns representing groups. Additionally, it details the pluralization rules for countable nouns and the nature of non-countable nouns.

Uploaded by

kiprotichjehu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR

NOUNS
What is a noun?
• Is defined as the naming word
• It is also defined as the specific names of people, places,
rivers, lakes, oceans and things.
• Nouns are classified as:
Proper nouns and common nouns
Abstract noun and concrete noun
Countable and non-countable
Collective noun
Compound noun
Proper and common noun

• Proper nouns are specific names of people, places,


rivers, lakes, oceans, organizations, or things.
• They always start with a capital letter.
• Names of people include: Damaris, Isaiah, Agnes, John
• Names of places include: Chelebei, Nairobi, Eldorate
• Names of rivers: Tana, Nzoia, Nile, Yalla, Athi
• Names of oceans and lakes: Victoria, Indian, Atlantic,
Red sea
• Common nouns refer to general items, places, people, or ideas. They are not
specific names and are usually lowercase (unless they start a sentence).
• This includes: desk, chair, table, pen, plate

Abstract and concrete nouns

 Abstract nouns represent ideas, qualities, or states that cannot be


perceived by the senses (not tangible).
 This includes: love, happiness, freedom, bravery, justice

• Concrete nouns are things that can be experienced with the five senses
• These are objects that we can see, touch, smell, hear and taste
• Example: apple, dog, building, table, car
Countable nouns
Countable nouns are items that can be counted and have both singular and plural
forms.

SINGULAR PLURAL
Teacher teachers
Cat cats
pet pets
child children
Can use numbers: one book, two books
- Can use quantifiers like many, few, several: many friends, few options
 It further classified into regular and irregular
1. Regular Nouns:
- Singular: Add **-s** to form the plural.
• cat- cats 2. Irregular Nouns:

• book→ books Some nouns have unique plural forms.

• Ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z: Add -es. - child → children
- man → men
• bus → buses - woman → women
• box → boxes - tooth → teeth
- foot → feet
- mouse → mice
• Ending in a consonant + y: Change y to i and add -
es. 3. Unchanging Nouns:
• baby → babies
• city → cities Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural.

- deer → deer
• Ending in a vowel + y: Add -s. - sheep → sheep
• key → keys
• day → days
• Non- countable nouns
• Non-countable nouns are always treated as singular and do not have a plural form.
• -Example
• Water (not waters)
• -Information(not informations)
• Non-countable nouns require specific measurements or quantifiers.
• Example
• "a liter of water"
• "a piece of furniture"
• "a bit of information"
• Categories of Non-Countable Nouns

1. Substances
- Examples
water, sugar,
rice, oil

2. Abstract Concepts:
- Examples:
happiness, knowledge,
advice, love

3. Collective Categories:
Examples:
furniture, luggage,
equipment, traffic
5. Collective Nouns
Collective nouns refer to a group or collection of individuals
or things as a single entity.
Examples
team
Family
flock
class
herd
school
bunch
2. Common Examples
• Team: A group of players (e.g., "The team won the
championship.")
• Flock: A group of birds (e.g., "A flock of geese flew
overhead.")
• Herd: A group of animals, usually grazing (e.g., "The
herd of cattle grazed in the field.")
• Bunch: A collection of similar items (e.g., "She bought a
bunch of grapes.")
• Class: A group of students (e.g., "The class is studying
for the exam.")
6. Compound nouns
Compound nouns are nouns made up of two or more words
that function as a single noun.

Types of compound nouns


1. Closed Compounds
2. Hyphenated Compounds
3. Open Compounds
1. Closed compound
These are words made up of two (or more) words joined
together without spaces or hyphens, forming a single word.
1. Notebook 2. Basketball
3. Rainbow 4. Sunflower
5. Cupcake 6. Firefly
7. Snowman 8. Toothpaste
9. Butterfly 10. Haircut
2. Hyphenated compound noun
Hyphenated compound nouns are formed by joining two or
more words with hyphens.

1. Mother-in-law 2. Editor-in-chief
3. Commander-in-chief 4. Self-esteem
5. Check-in 6. Six-pack
7. Well-being 8. E-mail
9. Passer-by 10. Two-year-old
3. Open compound nouns
• They are made up of two or more words that function together
as a single noun, but they have spaces between the words
instead of hyphens or combining into a single word.

1. Coffee table 2. Real estate


3. High school 4. Living room
5. Post office 6. Ice cream
7. Fire drill 8. Roller coaster
9. Dining room 10. Washing machine

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