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Sec1 Chapter 10

The document introduces the concept of probability, explaining how to find and calculate the likelihood of events occurring through examples such as coin flips, die rolls, and card draws. It discusses outcomes, events, certain and impossible events, and provides worked examples to illustrate theoretical probability. The document also includes exercises for calculating probabilities based on given scenarios.

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2 views

Sec1 Chapter 10

The document introduces the concept of probability, explaining how to find and calculate the likelihood of events occurring through examples such as coin flips, die rolls, and card draws. It discusses outcomes, events, certain and impossible events, and provides worked examples to illustrate theoretical probability. The document also includes exercises for calculating probabilities based on given scenarios.

Uploaded by

30matthew.noel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Probability

Objectives:
1. find the probability by expressing the chance of an event
occurring
2. calculate theoretical probability
Outcomes.
Whenever we carry out an activity or experiment, we see
results.
These are called outcomes.
Suppose you flip a coin.
There are two possible ways the coin can land – either on
heads or tails.

When you flip a coin there are two possible outcomes.


Suppose you roll a die.
Any of the six numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, can turn up by
chance.

When you roll a die there are six possible outcomes.


A bag contains five cards, each with letter A, B, C, D, or E
written on it.
When a card is drawn from the bag, the possible outcomes
could be the card with the letter A or B or C or D or E.

There are five possible outcomes.

We write it as {A, B, C, D, E}.


Marilyn spins a spinner that has 4 values as shown.

The possible outcomes are as follows:

The possible outcomes are {Black, Pink, Red, Blue}.


Events

Rolling a die – 6 possible outcomes

Possible outcomes are: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Suppose you are interested only in getting an odd number.

“The event of getting an odd number is made up of the


outcomes “1”, “3”, and “5”
In life, some events are bound to happen. Such events are
called certain events

There are also some events that will never happen. These are
called impossible events
The chance of picking orange
ball is higher
A bag contains six cards, each with a number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10
written on it.

Consider the even numbers in the list.


The possible outcomes of getting an even number are
{6, 8, 10}

Consider the numbers greater than 6 in the list.


The possible outcomes of getting a number greater than
6 are
{7, 8, 9, 10}.
For each of the following events, decide how likely or unlikely it
is to occur and put a tick in the appropriate column.
Probability of an Event Occurring

The measure of how likely an event will happen is called


PROBABILITY of an event.
Suppose the probability of raining on a particular day is 0.8 and
the probability of having clear skies on that day is 0.2.

It is more likely to rain than to have clear skies on that


day.
Gary has a 3 in 10 chance of winning a game of tennis against
Harry. What is the probability that Gary wins the game?
Express your answer as a fraction in the simplest form.

Solution:

3 in 10

The probability that Gary wins is .


Try

Belinda went for a job interview. She has a 7 in 10 chance of


getting the job. What is the probability that she will get the
job? Express your answer as a fraction.

Solution:

7 in 10

The probability that Belinda get the job is .


Susan has a 30 – 70 chance of winning a game of chess against
her father. What is the probability of Susan winning the game.

If Susan plays a total of 30+70 = 100 games, she may win 30


out of 100 games.

So, probability of winning =


There is a 60 : 40 chance of losing a card game. What is the
probability of losing the game? Express your answer as a
fraction in its lowest terms.

So the total number of outcomes is:

Probability of losing

So, Probability of losing =


Theoretical Probability

if all the outcomes are equally likely to happen


Tossing a coin
2 possible outcomes: heads or tails.

The event obtaining a heads is 1 out of 2 possible outcome


Worked Example:
2 girls and 3 boys formed a relay team at a sports meet. If a
student is selected at random, find
(a) The probability of selecting a boy,
(b)The probability of selecting a girl.

Number of possible outcomes

Number of possible outcomes of


event
Worked Example:
2 girls and 3 boys formed a relay team at a sports meet. If a
student is selected at random, find
(a) The probability of selecting a boy,
(b)The probability of selecting a girl.

Number of possible outcomes

Number of possible outcomes of


event
Try
A bag contains 20 oranges, of which 5 are rotten. If an orange
is selected at random, find
(a) The probability of selecting a rotten orange,
(b)The probability of selecting an orange that is not rotten.
Worked Example
A six-sided fair die is rolled. What is the probability of obtaining
an even number?
All possible outcomes
Total number of possible outcomes

Event (obtaining an even number)


Number of possible out comes of event
Try
A six-sided fair die is rolled. What is the probability of obtaining
a number greater than 4?

All possible outcomes


Total number of possible outcomes

Event (obtaining a number greater than 4)


Number of possible out comes of event

Probability of obtaining a number greater than 4

The probability of obtaining a number greater than 4 is


Unlikely

Unlikely

Likely

Impossible

Certain
3
4

1
3

1
200
1
2

2
3

1
2
3
11

8
11

0
No.

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