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SW 813

The study assesses the hydrological impacts of land use change in the Manupali Watershed in Bukidnon, Philippines, which is crucial for irrigation and hydropower. It identifies the watershed's characteristics, analyzes land cover changes in its three sub-watersheds, and highlights the need for sustainable management interventions due to declining water quality and quantity. The findings indicate minimal changes in water balance over 21 years, with the Alanib sub-watershed showing the most significant impact due to reduced forest cover.

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1 views

SW 813

The study assesses the hydrological impacts of land use change in the Manupali Watershed in Bukidnon, Philippines, which is crucial for irrigation and hydropower. It identifies the watershed's characteristics, analyzes land cover changes in its three sub-watersheds, and highlights the need for sustainable management interventions due to declining water quality and quantity. The findings indicate minimal changes in water balance over 21 years, with the Alanib sub-watershed showing the most significant impact due to reduced forest cover.

Uploaded by

g7wsdrb5b2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydrological

Impacts of
Land Use
Change in the
Manupali Sub-
Watersheds,
Bukidnon
Introduction
The Manupali Watershed, spanning approximately 51,000
hectares in Bukidnon, Philippines, provides essential
ecosystem services to adjacent communities. Originating
from Mt. Kitanglad, it is a critical water source for
irrigation and hydropower, ultimately draining into the
Pulangi River. Given its significance, this study aims to
assess the hydrological impacts of land use change
within the watershed and propose sustainable
management interventions to mitigate potential negative
effects.
Objectives

• To identify and describe the Manupali Watershed, including its


physical and hydrological characteristics.
• To analyze a watershed management case study by assessing the
hydrological impacts of land use changes and proposing appropriate
interventions.
• To investigate a specific hydrological issue, such as the effects of
climate change on watershed runoff or the role of vegetation in flood
mitigation within the selected area.
Watershed Characteristics
The Manupali River defines the southern boundary of Lantapan and the
northern boundary of Valencia, encompassing 220 streams that
collectively traverse a total of 636,000 meters and drain approximately
40,000 hectares (FORI, 1982 as cited in Bellows et al., 1995). Around
60% of the watershed area falls within Lantapan’s municipality. The
watershed significantly contributes to the Pulangi IV Reservoir, a major
hydropower source managed by the National Power Corporation (NPC),
and supplies water to the Manupali Irrigation System, which serviced
4,395 hectares as of 2003.
In a study by Rola et al (2004), the water quality and
quantity of the watershed has steadily declined
attributed to soil erosion and domestic waste
Hydrolog contamination. The implementation of watershed
plan is deemed necessary to address these problems.

ical
The implementation of such plans for the watershed
however faces challenges such as financial
sustainability, limited economic instruments, weak
Concerns property rights, lack of administrative mechanisms,
human capital and institutional constraints and legal
basis for the management structure (Rola et al 2004).
Elevation of the Manupali watershed ranges from 320
masl (meters above mean sea level) at Bugcaon to
2,938 masl at the summit of Mt. Kitanglad peak. The
mean elevation for the watershed is 1,561 m. The
slope of the watershed ranges from slight to

Climatic moderately rolling terrain and hills. About 70% of the


area has slopes greater than 10%.

and
The climate in the upper reaches of the Manupali is
characterized as having a short dry season lasting only
from one to three months with no pronounced

Physical
maximum rain period. The area is virtually cloud
covered throughout the year. Temperature ranges from
22. 7 C during January to 24.6 C in June. The area
receives the highest amount of rainfall in June; March is

Features the driest month. The climate in the lower portion of


the watershed is characterized by high Relative
humidity (RH). Rainy season generally starts within the
month of May and lasts up to October. The average
monthly rainfall is 224.54mm. In high altitude areas,
higher rainfall is practically during dry months (LWMC,
2002).
Impact of Various Climate A study from Tugasan et al (2017)., the temperature change will
and Land Cover Change affect the amount of potential evaporation that calculated using
Scenarios Thornthwaite method. Table 1 shows the potential evaporation
on Future Water Balance that was used in GenRiver model for the transition year 1995-
(2016-2050) 2015, 2016-2035 and 2036-2050.
Sub-
Watersheds
and Land
Cover Changes

The Manupali
Watershed consists of
three primary sub-
watersheds: Tugasan,
Alanib, and Kulasihan.
Tugasan Sub-
Watershed

Over a 21-year period (1995-2015),


high-density forest cover declined from
49% to 41%, converting into low-
density forest, cropland, and grassland.
However, from 2003-2015, there was a
slight increase in shrub and high-
density forest areas.
Alanib Sub-
Watershed

High-density forest cover dropped by


5.6% between 1995 and 2002 but
showed a minor recovery of 1.1% by
2015. Meanwhile, shrubland increased
from 11.7% to 18.3% over the same
period.
Kulasihan Sub-
Watershed

The land cover data for this area is less


reliable due to significant shadowing
and cloud cover, but available data
suggests a general decline in most land
cover types.
The 21-year simulation (1995-2015)
using the GenRiver model showed no
significant changes in the water
balance of the Tugasan, Alanib, and
Kulasihan sub-watersheds, primarily
due to minimal land cover changes
Conclusio over time. However, among the three
sub-watersheds, Alanib exhibited the
n highest surface flow and the lowest
base flow, which can be attributed to
its smaller forest area compared to
the other two. The reduced forest
cover in Alanib likely led to lower
water retention and increased
surface runoff.

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