Scribd
Upload
5 views20 pages

Glaucoma Sayani

Glaucoma is a group of ocular conditions characterized by optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. It affects approximately 3 million Americans, particularly those over 40, and can be classified into congenital and acquired types. Early diagnosis and management, including medical and surgical options, are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision.

Uploaded by

Priyanka Baidya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views20 pages

Glaucoma Sayani

Glaucoma is a group of ocular conditions characterized by optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. It affects approximately 3 million Americans, particularly those over 40, and can be classified into congenital and acquired types. Early diagnosis and management, including medical and surgical options, are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision.

Uploaded by

Priyanka Baidya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Good

Morning
Seminar on

Glaucoma
Presented by
Sayani Manna
B.Sc. Nursing 3rd year
Woodlands College of Nursing
Introduction

The term glaucoma is a term used to refer group of ocular conditions


characterized by the optic nerve damage. Glaucoma occurs as a result of
increased intraocular pressure (IOP) caused by a malformation or
malfunction of the eyes drainage system. Normal IOP is 19-21 inches of
mercury. The increased pressure causes compression of the retina and
the optic nerve and causes progressive, permanent loss of eyesight if left
untreated.
Definition

Glaucoma is a group of disorder characterized by

1. an abnormally high intraocular pressure (IOP),


2. optic nerve dystrophy,
3. peripheral visual field loss.
Anatomy and physiology of Eye
The human eye is the organ
which gives us the sense of
sight, allowing us to observe
and learn more about the
surrounding world.
Incidence

Glaucoma is estimated to affect 3 million American approximately 50% of


whom diagnosed (Grossman and Porth, 2014). Glaucoma is more
prevalent in people older than 40 years and it is third most common age
related eye disease in the United States.
Among urban population, the prevalence is about 3.23% and among rural
Indians it is 2.7% (Paul et al., 2016).
Classification of glaucoma
1. Congenital glaucoma: Congenital glaucoma, a rare disease occurs when a
congenital defect in the angle of the anterior chamber obstructs the outflow of
aqueous humor.

i) True congenital glaucoma: It is labeled when intraocular pressure is


raised during intrauterine life and child is born with ocular enlargement.
ii) Infantile glaucoma: It is labeled when the disease manifests prior to the
child’s third birthday.
iii) Juvenile glaucoma: It is labeled in the rest 10% of the cases who develop
pressure rise between 3-16 years of life.
2. Acquired glaucoma: Acquired glaucoma is more prevalent than congenital
glaucoma.
i) Open angle glaucoma: Open angle is the most common type of glaucoma.
Open angle glaucoma results from overproduction or obstruction of the outflow
of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork or Schlemm's canal, causing
increased intraocular pressure and damage to optic nerve. Because the
microscopic passageways are blocked, the pressure builds up in the eye.
ii) Close angle glaucoma: It is also known as close angle glaucoma pupil block
acute congestive glaucoma. Angle closure occurs because of abnormality of the
structure of the front of the eye. This results from obstruction to the outflow of
aqueous humor. Obstruction may be caused by anatomically narrow angles
between the anterior iris that cause angle closure on pupil dilation, or a bulging
iris that presses on the trabecular meshwork, closing the angle.
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Open angle glaucoma

● Mild aching in the eyes.


● Mild headache.
● Increased intraocular pressure greater than 24 mmHg.
● Cornea show slight haze.
● Loss of peripheral vision.
● Reduce visual acuity, especially at night.
● Failure to detect color change.
● Halos around lights as a results of corneal edema.
● Visual field defects.
Angle closure glaucoma

● Pain and redness in eyes.


● Increased IOP between 40-70 mmHg.
● Vision may be blurred.
● Angle of anterior chamber is completely closed.
● Optic disk is hyperemic.
● Halos may be seen around bright lights.
● Headache.
Diagnostic Evaluations
● Patient’s ocular and medical history.
● Tonometry to measure the IOP.
● Pachymetry to measure corneal thickness. People with thinner corneas are at
an increased risk of developing glaucoma. Ophthalmoscopy to show cupping of
the optic disc in chronic open angle glaucoma; pale disc suggesting angle
closure glaucoma.
● Gonioscopy to determine the angle of the eye’s anterior chamber.
● Perimetry or visual field tests to detect loss of peripheral vision.
● Evaluation of the retina of the eye, which may include photographs or scans of
the optic nerve, to monitor any changes over time.
● Slit lamp examination of the eye’s anterior structures including the iris, cornea
and lens.
● Fundus photography to monitor the disc for changes.
Management
Medical management :

● Beta Adrenergic blockers : Timolol

● Cholinergic (Miotics) : Pilocarpine

● Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : Acetazolamide

● Adrenergic agonists : Epinephrine

● Prostaglandin analogs : Latanoprost


Surgical management
Nursing management
Conclusion

Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to the eyes optic nerve and
gets worse over the time. Without treatment the glaucoma can cause
permanent blindness within few years. So the treatment should be given
at right time to prevent complications.

You might also like