• Presentations are an important component of oral communication

in organisations. It is used both for internal and external

communication. Presentations may be individual or team efforts.
Though oral, presentations need both written and audio visual
support. As oral presentations are formal in nature it is important to
be well prepared, know your audience and show willingness to
interact.
PRESENTATIO • During a presentation, non-verbal cues can make or mar the
N effectiveness of your communication. Factors such as voice,
expressions, posture and appearance are important. The audience
will evaluate you on your confidence, thoroughness and sincerity.
You need, not only attract the attention of the audience, but also
engage them throughout the presentation. Your audience may be
skeptical, indifferent or even resistant.
 • Convey the logical sequence of information in simple and easy to understand
language Repetitions, effective audio-visual aids and the right non-verbal cues
will hold the interest of the audience.
• Wrap up the presentation with the summary and let your audience know how
PRESENTATION you have achieved what you promised in the introduction.
• Do not present mere data and summarised results and leave the audience to
draw its conclusion. Share your insight and understanding and tell them what
you have inferred from your work..
 • AUDIENCE-
• The receiver or audience is of great importance when you deliver a speech. A
preliminary analysis of the audience could prepare you better. Knowing the
size of the audience lets you know if the presentation has to be formal or
AUDIENCE informal.
• A larger audience, most of the time requires formality. The age, gender,
education, experience of your audience and their knowledge of the subject
would also influence your presentation. The more you know your audience,
the better you will be able to adapt your presentation to their needs...
 • During the presentation, build a good rapport with the audience. Maintain
good eve-contact but remember not to stare or look only at one section of the
audience or one person all the time Look out for feedback. Smiles, blank
stares, fidgety movements, rapt attention indicate whether they understand,
AUDIENCE agree with you or are bored.
• If you are alert you can gather much information and use it to your advantage
to make your speech audience friendly. If appropriate, (depending on the
situation) plan ways to encourage audience participation.
Principle of Effective Presentation
• Presentation should be clear
• It should be talk not an essay
• Precise and factual
• It should be brief
• It should be interesting
• It should be audience oriented
Principle of Effective
Presentation
• Before making your presentation you must prepare and
organize your presentation in the following manner
• (1) Make a list of points to be covered: Your expertise
and research along with the background of the audience
will help you decide what needs to be expressed and
explained.
• (2) Select the most important points: Due to constraints
of time and the need for effectiveness and persuasion
you should select and use only the most relevant and
valid information.
• (3) Arrange your points and number them: Enumeration
helps to order your facts and enables the audience to not
only keep pace but also easily recall the information
presented.
Principle of Effective Presentation
• Before making your presentation you must prepare and organize your
presentation in the following manner
• (1) Make a list of points to be covered: Your expertise and research
along with the background of the audience will help you decide what
needs to be expressed and explained.
• (2) Select the most important points: Due to constraints of time and
the need for effectiveness and persuasion you should select and use
only the most relevant and valid information.
• (3) Arrange your points and number them: Enumeration helps to
order your facts and enables the audience to not only keep pace but
also easily recall the information presented.
• Analyse each point: Expanding, amplifying and explaining your main
points with facts and figures, graphs, diagrams and other audio visual
aids will help to get your message across and justify your
presentation.(
• 5) Convey the main message in the body of your presentation: The
main points are to be highlighted and developed with supporting
Principle of Effective
Presentation
• DO'S & DON'TS OF EFFECTIVE
• ✓ Study the audience profile
• Introduce yourself
• ✔ Maintain rapport
• ✓ Outline your topic
• illustrate the topic and ideas
• Preview and lead to the main idea
• ✓ Collect your ideas, connect, present your argument
• ✓ Refer to the audience and the occasion
• ✔ Be precise and concise
• ✓ Be sensitive to cultural differences
• ✓Use humour appropriately
• ✔ Summarize and conclude
• Don'ts: Talk down to the audience
• Be aloof from the audience
Guideline for Effective
Presentation
• GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE PRESENTATIONS:
• For a presentation, non-verbal cues can make or mar the
effectiveness of your communication.
• Factors such as voice, expressions, posture and appearance are
important.
• The audience will evaluate you on your confidence, thoroughness
and sincerity. You need, not only attract the attention of the
audience but also engage them throughout the presentation.
• Your audience may be skeptical, indifferent or even resistant.
• They need to be interested in what you have to say, understand you
and be convinced by what you say.
• it is important to know your topic well enough to inform, instruct,
debate, persuade or present an opinion.
Guideline for Effective
Presentation
• GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE PRESENTATIONS:
• You should be clear about what you need to tell the audience and
what you intend to achieve through the presentation.
• Clarify your objective is it to inform, motivate, teach or persuade,
for each requires a different approach.
• Whatever the purpose, it is important to do a thorough research on
the topic. Collect accurate, relevant, interesting and the latest
information. It helps if you are aware of the knowledge level of your
audience.
• However, never take the audience for granted. A list of points to be
covered will guide you in your preparation. Analyse each point so
that you can explain them better.
• Organise your presentation keeping the time factor in mind.
Prioritize the points and allocate time for each section. Stick to a
few points and have a well thought out pattern, depending on your
purpose problem-solution, cause-effect, chronological or topical.
• There should not be an overload of information. Too many technical
Guideline for Effective
Presentation
• GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE PRESENTATIONS:
• You should take the audience smoothly from one point to the next. Once the
subject matter is organised in the form of a speech you will have to decide on
the mode of presentation should it be extempore, memorized or read out.
• At the outset give an overview and what you intend to accomplish through the
presentation. Convey the logical sequence of information in simple and easy to
understand language.
• Repetitions, effective audio-visual aids and the right non-verbal cues will hold
the interest of the audience. Wrap up the presentation with the summary and
let your audience know how you have achieved what you promised in the
introduction.
• Do not present mere data and summarised results and leave the audience to
draw its conclusion. Share your insight and understanding and tell them what
you have inferred from your work.
• Apart from collecting data, preparing visual aids and honing presentation skills
it is also necessary to study the audience, focus on para language and voice,
pronunciation as well as personal appearance. Together they ensure a positive
impact.
Visual aid and power point presentation
• VISUAL AIDS AND POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS-
• Written and audio-visual aids support presentations. Use them with
discretion the quality and number of aids used should not distract the
audience from the message.
• They may be graphs, pictures, maps, posters, diagrams, objects or written
matter displayed using an OHP or an LCD.Visual aids are used
• (1) to simplify complex information and
• (2) to emphasize and to add interest.
• Choose those aids keeping in mind their ability to convey your message
better and make sure you know how best to use it.
• Never choose a particular visual aid because it can create a dramatic effect.
• OHPs are still the most commonly used visual support as they are effective,
relatively inexpensive, reliable and easy to use.
• LCDs are also being used more often today. It is important to remember a
few things when using visual aids.
Visual aid and power point presentation
• Make sure you know how to operate the equipment –
• you may not always have help.
• Keep the adapters, lighting and other settings you would require, ready.
• The visuals must endorse your presentation.
• ✔The information on the visuals must be explained if there is a likelihood for
misunderstanding.
• ✓ Use only one key point per visual unless you are sure the audience is
familiar with the information.
• ✓ Use bullets to highlight the points.
• ✔Bring in variety to hold the audience interest.
• ✓ Everyone in the audience must be able to see the visuals.
Visual aid and power point presentation
• Don'ts:
• X Try not to use more than 3 colours on one transparency/slide.
• X Do not clutter the slide with too much of written information or statistics
or diagrams.
• X Avoid whole sentences or paragraphs except for quotes.
• X Don't speak looking at the visuals all the time; speak facing the audience.
• X Never use graphics for the sake of using them.
• Visual aids can make presentations more effective if used with discretion.
Remember to switch off the OHP or block the remaining part of the screen
while you are explaining.
• If all the information is left on display, the audience would be more
interested in reading or taking down notes rather than listening to the
speaker. The visual aids should support the speaker, not substitute him.
• Presentations may be made to inform, persuade, motivate or teach.
Whatever the motive, the speaker has to be enthusiastic, convincing and
informative. It is important to remember that how you present is as
important as what you present.