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1. Intro + Animal Senses

The document outlines various types of receptors in animals based on their location, structure, and the type of stimulus they respond to. It details how different animals have specialized sensory adaptations, such as insects with compound eyes and chemoreceptors, and bats and dolphins using echolocation. Additionally, it highlights unique capabilities in certain animals, like pigeons detecting magnetic fields and pit vipers sensing infrared radiation.

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koperovasofia
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1 views23 pages

1. Intro + Animal Senses

The document outlines various types of receptors in animals based on their location, structure, and the type of stimulus they respond to. It details how different animals have specialized sensory adaptations, such as insects with compound eyes and chemoreceptors, and bats and dolphins using echolocation. Additionally, it highlights unique capabilities in certain animals, like pigeons detecting magnetic fields and pit vipers sensing infrared radiation.

Uploaded by

koperovasofia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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receptors according to the location of

stimulus
- different receptors respond to
different kinds of stimuli
exteroreceptors = respond to changes outside the body

proprioreceptors = respond to changes in the


musculoskeletal system

interoreceptors = respond to changes in the internal


organs
1
receptors according to their
structure
Primary receptors
-simple receptors
-a single neuron (its end is
sensitive to particular stimulus)

Secondary receptors
-more complex
-a modified epithelial cell (it is
sensitive to particular stimulus)
-sensory organs

2
receptors according to the type of
stimulus

mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors
- detect changes in - detect changes in
mechanical energy chemical energy
- response to movement, - response to taste and
pressure, gravity, sound smell
waves

3
receptors according to the type of
stimulus

thermoreceptors electroreceptors
- detect changes in - detect electrical fields
temperature
photoreceptors nociceptors
- response to light - response to pain

4
Animal senses
“

6
Animal
senses
“
-more varied and
sharper than human
senses

-most sensory
receptors are found on
the head of an animal

Why?
- it´s the first part to
enter a new
environment 7
insects
Compounds eyes = made up of 100s-1000s of lenses
= better at detecting movement

8
9
insects - chemoreceptors

-for taste and smell


-found on mouthparts,
antennae and legs
-a fly´s foot - sugary or salty
liquid

10
11
insects – sensory hairs

-found mostly on head and legs


-to detect movement in
surrounding air/water

12
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insects – sensory hairs
-to detect certain chemicals
=pheromones
-odor producing molecules that act as chemical messages
-synthesized by an individual – released to an environment – change
the behavior of another individual of the same species
(ektohormones)
-1000 different known insect pheromones
-most produced by females
-airborne
-sex attractants, warning, food trailing, territorial pheromones 14
a homing pigeon
-senses changes in altitude (as minute as 4
mm)
-sees ultraviolet light
-hears extremely low-frequency sound

15
animals detecting
magnetic fields
-used for navigation
-pigeons (other birds) – have
iron – containig materials in
their upper beaks, this provides
a magnetic sense

16
pit viper
-detect heat –- pits are on their head
-pits contain receptor cells that can
detect infrared radiation

17
elephants
-detect infrasound 5 – 10 000Hz
=sound too low to be heard by human ear
- can travel long distance
- coordinate movement when miles apart?
- large feet and ears – sensory organs

18
bats and dolphins
-used their echoes to identify the locations of
the objects they
cannot see
detect ultrasound they=sound too high to be
heard by humans
Bats 20 – 120 000Hz
Dolphins 0,25 – 200 000Hz 19
20
aquatic predators
(sharks, rays)
-detect electrical fields
=ampullae of Lorenzini –
electroreceptors
- network of jelly-
filled pores
- sense electric fields
21
-animals can detect movement by ears
-the movement of sound waves through
the air/water

-mammals = bones in the middle ear


(transmitt vibrations in forme of the nerve
impulses into to the brain)
-fish = lateral line system (detection of water
movement, water temperature)

22
cat´s eye
-tapetum lucidum = reflective layer behind the
retina
- reflects incoming light and bounces it
back off the cones
- makes more use of the existing light

23

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