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SOCIAL-STRATIFICATION

The document discusses Leni Robredo's perspective on marginalization and social stratification, emphasizing the importance of addressing the needs of those at the margins of society. It explores various sociological theories, including those of Karl Marx and Max Weber, as well as concepts of social mobility and inequality. Additionally, it examines global inequality and the impact of modernization and dependency theories on the distribution of resources among nations.

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2 views

SOCIAL-STRATIFICATION

The document discusses Leni Robredo's perspective on marginalization and social stratification, emphasizing the importance of addressing the needs of those at the margins of society. It explores various sociological theories, including those of Karl Marx and Max Weber, as well as concepts of social mobility and inequality. Additionally, it examines global inequality and the impact of modernization and dependency theories on the distribution of resources among nations.

Uploaded by

atoszilphany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by Jenny Rose A.

Eliong
Myra AIicnas
Leni Robredo's Perspective
Leni Robredo's Perspective
• Understanding Marginalization
• Leni Robredo's campaign phrase: "Hindi ko pababayaan
ang mga nasa laylayan ng lipunan" (I will not abandon
those at the margins of society).
• Focus on marginalized sectors lacking access to wealth
and unable to express their sentiments.
• "Sa laylayan ng lipunan" signifies the lowest social class.
What is Social and political Stratification?
• The process of ranking individuals and groups based on
status.
• Exists even in primitive societies.
• Involves unequal distribution of rights, privileges,
responsibilities, and social values.
• No society is entirely unstratified.
• Characterized by a hierarchy of superiority and
subordination.
• Sociological Perspectives
Karl Marx
• Focused on the bourgeoisie (owners
of production) and the proletariat
(workers).In relation to property there
are three great classes of society: the
bourgeoisie (who own the means of production such as
machinery and factory buildings, and whose source of
income is profit), landowners (whose income is rent), and
the proletariat (who own their labor and sell it for a wage).
Max Weber's Theory

Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy


is an approach that proposes a
specific way to manage an organization.
It proposes that the most appropriate way to run an
organization is to structure it into a rigid hierarchy of
individuals governed by strict rules and regulations.
Distinction from Marx theory
• Weber's theory differs from Karl Marx's primarily in
that Weber acknowledges the importance of status
and power beyond class, whereas Marx focused
primarily on class struggle and the relationship
between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Other Sociological Perspectives
Kingsley Davis, Wilbert Moore, and Melvin Tumin.
• Their work expanded on Marx and Weber's theories.
• Contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of
social stratification.
• They believed that the rewards attached to a particular job
reflect its importance to society and that an unequal
distribution of rewards is necessary to encourage people
to take on more complicated and important work.
Understanding the Complexity of Social
Stratification

• Social stratification is a complex and enduring aspect of


society.
• Various sociological perspectives offer different insights
into its causes and consequences.
• Ongoing research continues to refine our understanding
of this crucial social phenomenon.
The Three Pillars of Social Class: Wealth, Power,
and Prestige
• Wealth-associated with education, income, and
occupation.Example: Owning property, high-paying job.
• Power-ability to influence the behavior of others,
despite opposition.Example: Political leaders, CEOs of
large corporations.
• Prestige-reputation and how people are subjectively
evaluated.
• Example: Famous athletes, renowned scientists.
SOCIAL MOBILITY
• Movement between social classes or statuses.
Open vs. Closed Society
• Open Society- positions are based on merit and
achievement (e.g., education, business).
• Mobility is possible through effort and attainment.

• Closed Society
• Positions are largely predetermined by birth (e.g., caste
system). Example: India's caste system, South Africa's
apartheid system.
• Mobility is very difficult or impossible
Factors that influence social mobility in both open and
closed systems.
• Examples: Education, occupation, wealth, family
background, discrimination, social networks.
TYPES OF MOBILITY
• Horizontal Mobility: Staying at the Same Level
• Movement within the same social status.
• Example: A nurse changing hospitals but retaining her
nursing position.
• Vertical Mobility: Moving Up or Down
• Movement between different social statuses.
• Upward Mobility Example: Promotion in the military.
• Downward Mobility Example: Demotion due to poor
performance.

• Intra-Generational Mobility: Career Progression


• Social change within a single person's lifetime.
• Example: Epimaco Velasco's career advancement from
janitor to NBI director.
Social Inequality- Social class refers to the group
of people with similar levels of wealth, influence, and
status.
Gender inequality- refers to unequal treatment or
perceptions of individuals based on their gender.
Gender systems- are often dichotomous and
hierarchial; gender binary systems may reflect the
inequalities that manifest in numerous dimensions of
daily life.
Ethics and Minorities
• Differentiated from others in the same society by
race nationality, region or language who both think
of themselves as a deffirentiated group with
negative connotations.
Persons with Disabilities: Impairment and
Social Barriers
Disability: an impairment (physical, mental,
sensory, developmental) that results in
restrictions on daily life.

Social consequences: humiliation,


discrimination, exclusion, exploitation.
Global Inequality: Unequal Distribution of
Resources
• Global inequality: unequal distribution of resources among
individuals and groups based on their position in the
social hierarchy.
• Max Weber's three dimensions of stratification (class,
status, party) and how modern sociologists generally use
socioeconomic status (SES).
• A person socioeconomic status is usually determined by
income, occupational prestige, wealth, and educational
attainment.
Theories of Global Inequality
• Modernization Theory: Poor nations remain poor due to
traditional attitudes, beliefs, technologies, and institutions.
Economic growth is seen as the key to reducing poverty.

• Dependency Theory: Colonialism and neo-colonialism


(economic dependence on former colonial countries) are
blamed for global poverty. Wealthy countries have
exploited poor countries, leading to uneven development.
Immanuel Wallerstien
In 1974 he published The Modern World-
System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the
Origins of the European World-Economy
in the Sixteenth Century, the first of four
volumes that took a broader sociological
approach than was common at the time,
favoring a global view that encompassed
history and economic evolution.
• Immanuel Wallerstein's dependency theory, a core
element of his world-systems analysis, posits that
the global economic system is characterized by a
core of wealthy, industrialized nations exploiting a
periphery of poorer, underdeveloped nations,
leading to a cycle of dependence and inequality.

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