Quick Recap

1.What are the stages of Project Cycle?

2.What are the people called who are facing
problems?
a) Influencers b) Stakeholders
3. The ________ Problem canvas helps in identifying the
key elements related to the problem.
a) 4Ws b) 6Ws
 Learning Objective
• To Learn problem scoping and
ways to set goals for an AI project.
 What is problem scoping?
• Problem Scoping is the first stage of the AI project cycle.
• In this stage of AI development, problems will be identified.
• It is then followed by designing, developing, or building, and finally
testing the project.
• In AI project cycle everything will be failed if problem scoping is
failed or without appropriate problem scoping.
• Incorrect problem scoping also leads to failure of the project as
well.
• PROBLEM SCOPING refers to the identification of a problem and a vision to
solve it
Let us now start scoping a problem. Look around you and
select a theme which interests you the most. Suggested
themes are
GROUP
DISCUSSION

You can either select any

one out of these or you
can think of one on your
own.
 SELECT THE THEME
Your selected theme is: Agriculture

Why did you select this

theme?

GROUP DISCUSSION
 WHO
The Refers that who is facing a
problem
Who are the stakeholders of
4Ws ofWHAT
the problem
What is the problem
Proble How you know about the
WHERE?problem
m It is related to the context or
Scopinsituation or location of the
problem
WHY
g Why we need to solve the
problem
 The 4Ws of Problem Scoping

Who? – Refers that who is facing a problem

and who are the stakeholders of the problem.
Under this, you find out who the
‘Stakeholders’ to this problem are and what
you know about them.
Stakeholders are the people who face
this problem and would be benefitted
 The 4Ws of Problem Scoping

What?
Under the “What” block, you need to look into what you
have on hand.
At this stage, you need to determine the nature of the
problem.
What is the problem and how do you know that it is a
problem?
Under this block, you also gather evidence to prove that the
problem you have selected actually exists.
 The 4Ws of Problem Scoping

Where?
Now that you know who is associated with the problem and
what the problem actually is
you need to focus on the context/situation/location of
the problem.
This block will help you look into the situation in which the
problem arises, the context of it, and the locations where it
is prominent.
 The 4Ws of Problem Scoping
Why?
You have finally listed down all the major elements that affect the
problem directly.
 Now it is convenient to understand who the people that would be
benefitted by the solution are
 what is to be solved
where will the solution be deployed.
These three canvases now become the base of why you want to solve
this problem.
 Thus in the “Why” canvas, think about the benefits which the
stakeholders would get from the solution and how would it
benefit them as well as the society.
Why have you selected the theme?

1.The environment is your theme. So think about the various

problems such as polluted air, water, and land, etc.
2.Suppose you have selected an Agriculture theme, then there
are various pesticides used in agriculture to increase the
productions, sowing and harvesting problems, etc.
3. Traffic is also one of the themes given in the handbook. Here
you can think about traffic issues and to reduce the accidents
or any other related problem.
 Problem Statement Template

Define problem statement template?

The Problem Statement Template helps us to summarize all
the key points into one single template so that in future,
whenever there is need to look back at the basis of the problem, we
can take a look at the Problem Statement Template and understand
the key elements of it
 Set up the goal

After understanding and writing the problems, set your

goals, and make them your AI project target.
Write your goals for your selected theme.
Suppose you have selected theme of agriculture then write
how AI will help farmers to solve their problems.
1.Determine what will a good time for seeding?
2.Determine what will be a good time for harvesting?
3.Determine when and how much fertilizer will be applied to
the selected crop?
 FINAL PROBLEM STATEMENT

Who Stakeholders
Farmers, Fertilizer Producers, Labours, Tractor Companies

What The problem, Issue, Need

Determine what will a good time for seeding or crop
harvesting?
When Context/Situation
Decide the mature age for the crop and determine its time
Ideal Benefits
Solution
Take the crop on time and supply against market demand
on time
 Assignment

1.Define the term Stake holders? (refer slide 8)

2.What is Problem scoping ? Why is it considered the basic
steps for every AI project?
3.What is meant by problem statement template? (refer slide
13)
Check for Understanding
https://forms.office.com/r/LnLLsWQ9t9
Link to Duplicate
 AI PROJECT CYCLE

Data Acquisition

Identify data required regards a given problem and draw system maps
 OBJECTIVES
To learn , understand and implement various
ways to acquire data, data features and system
maps

Learning outcome:
Students could Identify data required regards a
given problem and draw system maps.
 What is meant by DATA ?
Data can be a piece of information or facts and statistics
collected together for reference or analysis. Whenever we
want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to
train it first using data.
For example, If you want to make an Artificially Intelligent
system which can predict the salary of any employee
based on his previous salaries, you would feed the data of
his previous salaries into the machine. This is the data with
which the machine can be trained. Now, once it is ready, it
will predict his next salary efficiently. The previous salary
data here is known as Training Data while the next salary
prediction data set is known as the Testing Data.
How can you figure out the data using problem
scoping?
How can AI project improve for better efficiency? Explain
with example
 Datasets
Dataset is a collection of related sets of Information
that is composed of separate elements but can be
manipulated by a computer as a unit.
In Rule based Approach we will deal with 2
divisions of dataset:

1. Training Data - A subset required

to train the model
2. Testing Data - A subset required
while testing the trained the model
 Two types of data
Training Testing data
Data 1. Is used only to assess
1. Output is performance of model
available to 2. The unseen data for
model which predictions have
to be made.
How can AI project improve for
better efficiency ?
Explain with example
For better efficiency of an AI project, the Training
data needs to be relevant and authentic to the
problem statement scoped..
In the previous example, if the training data was not of
the previous salaries but of his expenses, the machine
would not have predicted his next salary correctly since
the whole training went wrong. Similarly, if the previous
salary data was not authentic, that is, it was not
correct, then too the prediction could have gone wrong.
 Data Feature
 Visualize the factors that affect the problem
statement.
 Extract the data features that affect the problem
scoped.
 Data features refer to the type of data you want
to collect.
In our previous example parameters of data features would
 But
be identify if the data source is reliable and
 salary amount
authentic.
 increment percentage
 increment period
 bonus
 Acquiring data from reliable sources
Data creates the base on which the AI project
is built
It is very important to acquire data that is
authentic reliableSOURCES
and correct.
Web Sensor Observation API
Surveys Cameras
scrapping s s (Application Programming
Interface)
Surveys
A research method for gathering data from a predetermined sample of respondents in order to get knowledge and insights into a variety of issues.
Cameras
We can collect visual data with the help of cameras, this data is unstructured data that can be analyzed via Machine learning.
Web Scripting
Web scribing is a technique for collecting structured data from the internet, such as news monitoring, market research, and price tracking.
Observation
Some of the information we can gather through attentive observation and monitoring.
Sensors
With the help of sensors also we can collect the data. A device that detects or measures a physical property are called sensors, such as biomatrix.
Application program interface
An API is a software interface that enables two apps to communicate with one another.
 Extracting data source

 Extracting private data can be offence

 One of the most reliable and authentic
sources of information are the open-
sourced websites hosted by the
government
 Some of the open-sourced Govt.
portals are
 Data.gov.in

 SYSTEM MAPS
Define System map ?
 System map help us to understand
complex issues with multiple factors that
affect each other
 What is the importance of system
map in Data acquisition?
 A system comprises of
Elements – These are the different, discrete elements within
the system.
Interconnections – These are the relationship that connect the
elements.
For example, if a person received 200% increment in a
month, then this change in his salary would affect the
prediction of his future salary. The more the increment
presently, the more salary in future is what the system
would predict.
 Rules for system maps
1. The circles represent elements
2. Arrows are used to represent relationship
/interconnections
3. ‘+’ and ‘-’ signs are indicators of the nature of
relationship
 The arrowhead depicts the direction of the effect
and the sign (+ or -) shows their relationship .
 If the arrow goes from x to y with a + sign ,it means
that both are directly related to each other . That is if X
increases Y also increases and vice versa .
 On the other hand ,if the arrow goes from X to Y
with a – sign it means that both the elements are
inversely related to each other which means if X
Understanding the basic of mapping

Student
inbuilt Family
capability + - Issues

Student
performan
ce
Influence
Teacher
of
electronic - + talent and
resources
Gadgets

Identify data required regards a given problem and draw system maps
 System Map

Let us use the animated tool for drawing

and understanding system map

https://ncase.me/loopy/
 Independent Activity
Draw a system map for water
cycle

The
elemen
ts are
All of the constituents of the Water Cycle are circled
in this System Map.
With the help of arrows, the map depicts the cause
and effect relationships between elements.
The arrowhead represents the effect’s direction,
while the (+ or -) indicates their relationship.
 If the arrow with the + sign goes from X to Y, it
suggests the two are directly related.
That is, as X rises, Y rises as well, and vice versa.
 If the arrow, on the other hand, goes with a – sign
between X and Y, it signifies that both elements
are inversely connected.
This means that while X increases, Y decreases, and
vice versa.
EARLY
FINISHER
TASK
 Plenary

• Data
• Testing data and training data
• Data features
• Acquiring data from reliable
resources
• System Maps
• Using ncase.me/loopy
 ASSIGNMENT

1. What is meant by DATA ? Explain with an example in

terms of AI ?
2. Explain and differentiate between 2 types of data?
3. What is the importance of system map in Data
acquisition? Explain the rules of creating system
maps?
https://forms.office.com/r/2uP2hWDZSQ
Thank You