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L2 DMT Information

The document outlines the stages of demographic transition, starting from Stage 1 with high birth and death rates, to Stage 5 where the death rate exceeds the birth rate. Each stage describes the reasons for changes in birth and death rates, including factors like medical care, education, and cultural influences. Countries are categorized into these stages based on their population dynamics, with examples provided for each stage.

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8 views3 pages

L2 DMT Information

The document outlines the stages of demographic transition, starting from Stage 1 with high birth and death rates, to Stage 5 where the death rate exceeds the birth rate. Each stage describes the reasons for changes in birth and death rates, including factors like medical care, education, and cultural influences. Countries are categorized into these stages based on their population dynamics, with examples provided for each stage.

Uploaded by

kalkotisarina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stage 1 Stage 2

Stage 1: Birth and death rates are both high. Stage 2: This is when the death rate falls rapidly.
Total population is low but it is balanced due to The birth rate remains high. Total population will
high birth rates (36/37 per 1,000) and high death start to rise because the death rates will start to
rates (36/37 per 1,000). Countries at this stage fall (to around 18/19 per 1,000). Nigeria,
will usually be undeveloped. However, there are Afghanistan & Democratic republic of Congo would
no longer any countries at this stage of the currently be in stage 2.
model.
Birth rates will remain high due to:
Reasons for high birth rate •Due to previous high rates of infant mortality,
•Due to high rates of infant mortality, parents parents keep having babies in the hope some will
keep having babies in the hope some will survive.
survive. •Children being used as economic assets. They
•Children being used as economic assets. They work on family farms and help to produce food for
work on family farms and help to produce food survival.
for survival. •Tradition and culture. Religious beliefs will dictate
•Tradition and culture. Religious beliefs will that families must be large.
dictate that families must be large
Death rates fall due to:
Reasons for high death rate •medical care will be improved (vaccinations,
• Poor medical care scientific improvements, doctors and new drugs);
• Lack of education •sanitation and water supplies will be much better;
• Lack of clean water or food •the quality and security of food will be improved;
Stage 3 Stage 4

Stage 3: This is when the birth rate begins to fall Stage 4: This is when the birth and death rates
rapidly. The death rate continues to fall but much are both low and usually balanced. Total
more slowly. Total population is rising rapidly. The population is high and growing slowly. It is
gap between birth and death rates will balanced by a low birth rate (15 per 1,000) and a
narrow. Natural increase is slowing down but low death rate (12 per 1,000). There is a social
still high. Death rates will fall but slow and steady desire to have smaller families. Canada,
(to 15 per 1,000) but birth rates will fall quickly Argentina, China, Brazil and South Korea are
(down to around 18 per 1,000). Columbia, India, currently in Stage 4.
Jamaica, Botswana, Mexico, Kenya, South Africa
would all currently be in Stage 3. Birth rates fall due to:
• A higher number of women in the work force
Birth rates fall due to: • Less children needed to work on the farm
•increased use of family planning methods;
• Children are now surviving so there is less
•much lower infant mortality rates will mean that
need to have more children
more children will survive and there is less need to
• Parental investment in education for their
have as many babies;
children and other social activities
•increased opportunity for employment in factories
means that fewer people (and children) are
required to work on the land;
Death rates fall due to:
•laws that say children must attend school, so they • Better education (know how to look after yourself)
are no longer earning for the family;
• Good healthcare
•changes to society put more desire on material
possessions than large families;
Stage 5

Stage 5: At this stage both rates remain relatively low,


but the death rate is now higher than the birth rate.
Total population is still high but starting to decline due
to the birth rate falling (to 7 per 1,000) below the
death rate (9 per 1,000). The population will start to
fall as it is no longer replacing itself and may go into
decline. The population is ageing and will gradually be
dominated by older people.

The main reason’s for a decrease in birth rate at


this stage are:
• A culture that has been instilled to have small
families e.g. through government policies
• The cost of having a child
• Women wanting to put their careers ahead of having
children

The death rate remains low in these countries


because:
• There is excellent healthcare and many people can
afford private healthcare
• There is excellent education and people know how to
look after themselves.

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