Scribd
Upload
15 views

APA Documentation -6th Edition (2)

The document outlines the APA (American Psychological Association) citation style, which is widely used in social sciences for documenting sources in research papers. It provides guidelines for formatting essays, in-text citations, and reference lists, including specific rules for citing works by one to six authors, as well as electronic sources. Additionally, it includes an assignment requiring a summary of the presentation and a reference list of specified sources.

Uploaded by

waltersivorine70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

APA Documentation -6th Edition (2)

The document outlines the APA (American Psychological Association) citation style, which is widely used in social sciences for documenting sources in research papers. It provides guidelines for formatting essays, in-text citations, and reference lists, including specific rules for citing works by one to six authors, as well as electronic sources. Additionally, it includes an assignment requiring a summary of the presentation and a reference list of specified sources.

Uploaded by

waltersivorine70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

APA

Documentation
Guidelines

Presented By:
Tamara Marshall
Librarian, Salem Campus
What is APA?
• APA (American Psychological Association) citation
style refers to the rules and conventions
established by the American Psychological
Association for documenting sources used in a
research paper.
• APA style requires both in-text citations and a
reference list. For every in-text citation there
should be a full citation in the reference list and
vice versa.
• It is the most commonly used documentation style
within the social sciences.
General APA Guidelines
• Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized
paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides.
• You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA
recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font.
• Include a page header (also known as the "running head") at
the top of every page.
• To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers
flush right. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR PAPER" in the header
flush left using all capital letters.
• The running head is a shortened version of your paper's title
and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and
punctuation
General APA Guidelines
• Your essay should include four major sections:
the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and
References.
• The title page should contain the title of the paper,
the author's name, and the institutional affiliation.
Include the page header (described above) flush left
with the page number flush right at the top of the page.
Please note that on the title page, your page
header/running head should look like this
Sample Title Page
In-Text Citations: Basics
Rules

• APA style requires authors to use the past tense


or present perfect tense when using signal
phrases to describe earlier research. E.g., Jones
(1998) found or Jones (1998) has found...

• When using APA format, follow the author-date


method of in-text citation. This means that the
author's last name and the year of publication for
the source should appear in the text, E.g., (Jones,
1998), and a complete reference should appear
in the reference list at the end of the paper.
In-Text Citations: A Work by Two
Authors

• Name both authors in the signal phrase


or in the parentheses each time you cite
the work. Use the word "and" between
the authors' names within the text and
use "&" in the parentheses.
Research by Wegener and Petty (1994)
showed...
(Wegener & Petty, 1994)
In-Text Citations: A Work by Three
to Five Authors

• List all the authors in the signal phrase or


in parentheses the first time you cite the
source.
(Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, &
Harlow, 1993)
• In subsequent citations, only use the first
author's last name followed by "et al." in
the signal phrase or in parentheses.
(Kernis et al., 1993)
In-Text Citations: Six or More
Authors

• Use the first author's name followed by


et al. in the signal phrase or in
parentheses.
Harris et al. (2001) argued...
(Harris et al., 2001)
In-Text Citations: Unknown
Author

• If the work does not have an author,


cite the source by its title in the signal
phrase or use the first word or two in
the parentheses. Titles of books and
reports are italicized or underlined;
titles of articles and chapters are in
quotation marks.
A similar study was done of students
learning to format research papers
("Using APA," 2001).
In-Text Citations: Organization
as an Author
• If the author is an organization or a government agency,
mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the
parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.
According to the American Psychological Association
(2000),...

• If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include


the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is
cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.
First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD],
2000)
Second citation: (MADD, 2000)
In-Text Citations: Personal
Communication

• For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-


to-person communication, cite the communicators
name, the fact that it was personal communication,
and the date of the communication. Do not include
personal communication in the reference list.
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4,
2001).
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students
had difficulties with APA style (personal
communication, November 3, 2002).
In-Text Citations: Indirect
Sources

• If you use a source that was cited in


another source, name the original
source in your signal phrase. List the
secondary source in your reference list
and include the secondary source in the
parentheses.
Johnson argued that...(as cited in Smith,
2003, p.102).
In-Text Citations: Electronic
Sources

• If possible, cite an electronic document


the same as any other document by
using the author-date style.
Reference List: Basic Rules
• Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It
provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and
retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source
you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise,
each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
• Create your list of references on its own page after the last page
of your text. Center the title References one inch from the top of
the page. Double space. Alphabetize the list of references by the
last name of the authors. If the work has no author or editor,
alphabetize the work by the first word of the title (excluding A,
An, or The).
• All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list
should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is
called hanging indentation.
Reference List: Single Author

• Last name first, followed by author


initials.

Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality


and social development. Current
Directions in Psychological Science,
11, 7-10.
Reference List: Two Authors

• List by their last names and initials. Use


the "&" instead of “and.”
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994).
Mood management across affective
states: The hedonic contingency
hypothesis. Journal of Personality &
Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
Reference List: Three to Six
Authors

• List by last names and initials; commas


separate author names, while the last
author name is preceded again by “&”
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry,
A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-
esteem than whether it is high or low: The
importance of stability of self-esteem.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65,
1190-1204.
Reference List: More Than Six
Authors

• If there are more than six authors, list the


first six as above and then "et al.," which
stands for "and others." Remember not to
place a period after "et" in “et al.”
Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman,
D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001).
Writing labs and the Hollywood
connection. Journal of Film and Writing,
44(3), 213-245.
Reference List: Basic Format for
Books

• Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of


work: Capital letter also for subtitle.
Location: Publisher.

Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA


guide to preparing manuscripts for journal
publication. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
Reference List: Edited Book, No
Author

Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.).


(1997). Consequences of growing up
poor. New York: Russell Sage
Foundation.
Reference List: Edited Book with an
Author or Authors

Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged


journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New
York: Anchor.
Reference List: Edition Other
Than the First

Helfer, M.E., Keme, R.S., & Drugman,


R.D. (1997). The battered child (5th
ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Reference List: Articles in
Periodicals

Basic Form
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year).
Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume
number(issue number), pages.
Eg. Article in Journal Paginated by Volume
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of
Comparative and Physiological Psychology,
55, 893-896.
Reference List: Electronic
Sources
Eg. Article From an Online Periodical
Because online materials can potentially change URLs, APA recommends
providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as
opposed to the URL.

Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster


presentations: An annotated bibliography. European
Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1245-1283.
doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the
journal home page.

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart:


For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved May 2, 2006,
from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
Reference List: Electronic
Sources Cont’d
Article From a Database
When referencing a print article obtained from an online
database (such as a database in the library), provide
appropriate print citation information (formatted just like a
"normal" print citation would be for that type of work).
Example:
Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study
of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating,
8(3), 120-125.
Sample APA Reference List
Source

Paiz, J. M., Angeli E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E.,


Moore, K., Anderson, M., …Keck, R. (2010,
May 5). General format. Retrieved from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/56
0/01/
Assignment – Due: October3, 2016
Part A
•Write a brief summary of the overall presentation (not exceeding 2 paragraphs).

Part B
•Make a reference list consisting of 5 sources within your specific course of study. For example: Education,
Social Work , Business Administration or Management Studies
Include the following sources:
Two (2) Books:
(a)One Print book with one author
(b)One Print book with four or more authors
Two (2) Periodicals
(a)One (1) Print Journal
(b)One (1) Online Journal
Electronic Sources
A document/article from a website
THE END

THANK YOU!!

You might also like