Body Systems

2024
•Over the next six weeks we will be learning about the
skeletal and muscular body systems and how each
system assists us to participate in physical activity.

•In class you will be using this powerpoint to complete

the booklet found in the resource section of your
lesson plan. You may choose to complete the booklet
electronically or print it out and have a hard copy.
Skeletal System Prior Knowledge

What is the skeletal system?

Can you name any bones and their location?

How many bones are there in the human body?

How are bones created?

What is the function (purpose) of the skeletal system?

 DID YOU
KNOW……….?
•Babies are born with 300 bones
•The smallest bone in your body is in your ear
•The longest bone is in your leg
•More than half your bones are in your hands and feet
•One bone is not connected to any other joint in your
body…what do you think it is?
•You can eat your way to strong bones
Skeletal
structure
and function
•The skeletal system is the bone structure
of the body. The adult human body
consists of 206 bones.
• The accompanying figure shows how the
skeletal bones contribute to the support
and, together with the muscular system,
the movement of the body.
•The skeletal system is made up of two
main sections, the axial skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton, both of which are
important to the movement of the body.
Skeletal structure and function

The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine and thorax.

This section of the skeletal system provides support
and movement of the upper body.

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the

upper and lower arms, the wrists and hands, the
pelvic area, the upper and lower legs, and the feet.

All these bones enable the body to be upright and

supported, and they work together with the
muscles to enable movement while the body is
stationary or traveling through space
Main
bones
Vertebral Column
Parts of the
Vertebral
Column
•5 sections
•The cervical spine (7 cervical
vertebrae)
•The thoracic spine (12 thoracic
vertebrae)
•The lumbar spine (5 lumbar vertebrae)
•The sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
•The coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
 Find a partner who you are comfortable to
work with.
Applied Now try this game:
Learning http://www.anatomyarcade.co
m/games/WAB/WAB.html
 The four major functions of the skeleton are:

• Shape and support

Functions • Movement
of the • Protection
Skeletal • Blood Production
System •Try and make an acronym to help remember the
names.
 1. Shape and Support - This is our body's framework, it provides
shape for our body, holds our vital organs in place and allows us
to have a good posture.

2. Movement - Our muscles are attached to our bones which allow

movement. The skeleton has a variety of different joints which
allow a wide range of mobility.
Outline of 3. Protection - The skeletal structure protects our delicate organs.

the 4 main
The Skull protects the Brain. Our Rib Cage protects the Heart and
Lungs, and the Spinal Column protects the Spinal Cord.

functions 4. Blood Production - Red and white blood cells are produced in
the bone marrow found in bones such as the ribs, humerus and
femur. Red cells carry oxygen to the muscles to enable them to
work. They are red in colour because they carry Haemoglobin.
White cells fight infection in the body. Blood is also made up of
Plasma (Largest constituent of blood) and Platelets (Helps blood
clot).
Remember where the bones are
The Foot The Leg

Fibula - small lower

Phalanges - toes
Tibia - large lower
Metatarsals - foot
Tarsals - ankle Patella - knee
Femur - upper
Pelvis - hip
The Chest
Sternum - breast
Ribs - upper body
Clavicle - collar
The Arm
Scapula - shoulder
Radius - thumb side lower

Ulna - finger side lower

The Hand
Humerus - upper
Phalanges - fingers
Metacarpals - hand
Carpals - wrist bones
 There are normally 206 bones in the human body
and over 100 joints. There are three basic types of
bones in the human body. Their size and
Bone composition are related to their different jobs.

Classificati Watch the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhWEAF5i7iw
on
Complete the table in your booklet as you are
watching the video.
 Bones can be classified into 5 main categories:
From
watching 1. Long Bones (Humerus, Femur, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, Fibula)
2. Short bones (carpals, tarsals)
the video 3. Flat Bones (Scapula, Sternum, Ribs, Cranium)
you should 4. Irregular Bones (Vertebrae)
5. Sesamoid bones (patella)
know….
Joints

Movement of the skeleton is helped

by joints. These are particularly
helpful for sporting actions and
activities. Joints occur when two or
more bones meet or join.
There are 3 types of joints
1. Fibrous joints (Immoveable or
fixed)
2. Cartilaginous joints (Slightly
moveable)
3. Synovial joints (Freely moveable)
 1. Fixed joint or fibrous joints
Joints Bones are fixed or fused together; no movement
possible
2. Slightly moveable or cartilaginous joints
Bones are joined by cartilage, small amount of
movement is possible
3. Freely moveable or synovial joints
Free movement in at least one direction. There are
many types of this joint
 Most moving joints are Synovial Joints. They are very
complex structures. The Bones are linked together by
Synovial ligaments and allow a wide range of movements.

Joints 6 categories of Synovial joints

1. Ball and Socket
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Gliding
5. Saddle
6. Condyloid
Examples of Synovial
joints as shown in the
arm.
Ball and Socket Joint

• Two examples of this joint in the human body are the

hip and shoulder joints. The rounded head of one
bone fits into a cup-shaped socket of another. This
joint allows the greatest range of movement.
Hinge Joint

Two examples of this type of joint include those found

at the knee and elbow.
If you move your leg as if you were about to kick a ball.
You will find that the movement of the joint can only
move in one direction, just like the hinge of a door!
Pivot Joint

This joint is made when one bone twists against

another.
Pivot joints allow for rotation, which can be external
(for example when rotating an arm outward), or internal
(as in rotating an arm inward). When rotating the
forearm, these movements are typically called pronation
and supination.
Saddle Joint

Movement in only two directions;

• Sideways
• Backwards or forwards

Your thumb is an example of a saddle joint in your body.

Gliding Joint

Also called a “plane” joint.

Smooth surfaces slip over one another, allowing limited movement,
such as the wrist joints.
Condyloid Joint

Condyloid joints consist of an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into

a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone.
This permits movement without rotation, such as in the jaw or finger
joints.
Connective Tissue

•Joints are moved by muscles and bones.

These are attached by Ligaments and
Tendons.
• LIGAMENTS attach bone to bone.
• TENDONS attach muscle to bone.

•The surface of joints are also covered by

Cartilage.
•Injuries to joints can occur from:
• Overuse (Too much training)
• Incorrect movement injuries (Wrong
techniques)
• Impact or twisting (Twist of knee or
elbow from a tackle or collision