ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT
ORGANIZATIONS(NGO’s) AND COMMUNITY
BASED ORGANISATION(CBOs) IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Introduction
• “NGO‟s are Non – profit organizations or associations of private
citizens with a common interest to assist the disaster affected
people”.
• NGOs play and important role in disaster response, mitigation,
disaster reduction and recuse, coordination indifferent regions.
• NGO response focused on emergency food relief, temporary shelter,
emergency medical aid, debris removal and habitat restoration,
trauma counseling, and raising families.
• The shift is from a relief centric approach to a multi dimensional
endeavor involving diverse scientific, engineering financial and
social processes to adopt a multi disciplinary and multi-sectoral
approach.
• Provides support like health, education, water supply and
sanitation, shelter and infrastructure, restoration o f livelihood, food
security and nutrition, environment, etc.,
• NGOs are active in responding to various disasters in different
phases.
• In the pre – disaster phase should include awareness generation,
education, training, and formation of village level Task Force.
Disaster Management Committees and Teams, development of
Disaster Management Plans, conduct of mock drills, vulnerability
assessment and coordination with Government and non government
agencies.
• Play a key role in the immediate aftermath of disasters by extending
assistance in rescue and first aid, sanitation and hygiene, damage
assessment and assistance to external agencies bringing relief
materials.
• During the post disaster phase, the NGOs can take a lead by
providing technical and material support for safe construction,
revival of educational institutions and restoration of means of
livelihood and assist the government in monitoring the pace of
implementation for various reconstruction and recovery program me.
• NGOs have also started to collaborate with corporate entities in
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects and Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the field of DM at State,
District and Sub-district levels.
• NGOs are organizations registered under various Indian laws such
as the Societies Registration Act, 1860, Section 25(1) of
Companies Act, 1956 meant for non-profit companies, or State-
specific Public Charitable Trust Acts.
• NGOs have also come together through networks, coalitions and
alliances so as to offer value added humanitarian services, notable
examples being Voluntary Health Association of India (VHAI),
Voluntary Action Network India (VANI), Sphere India, Alliance
for Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (AADRR), and
Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA).
Numerous opportunities that are provided by the NGOs, as given
below, which need to be optimally utilized.
Setting up a Functional NGO Coordination Platform during non –
emergency times
Opportunities
NGO institutional arrangements
Common accessibility to disaster affected areas
Focus on the most vulnerable
Setting and Committing to Minim um standards by NGO
Inadequate adherence to humanitarian standards and good practices
Lack of clear exit strategy during transition
Neglect of Rural Urban Diversity and Primacy of Attention to Rural Areas:
Ch al l en g e s
Inadequate transparency and accountability to donors and disaster
affected communities
Weak Coordination
Brief time - spans for relief interventions
Neglect of remote and inaccessible disaster – affected areas
Action Points
1.Geographic spread of NGOs
Develop a database of NGOs at all levels working on disaster
management focusing on geographic outreach and thematic
capacities of the organizations (Action DDMAs with the help of
NGOs)
2. Volume of support provided by NGOs
Compile statistics on quantum of support provided by NGOs at all
levels, both international and national (Action NDMA, SDMAs and
DDMAs)
3. Institutional mechanisms
Establish meaningful engagement with concerned government bodies
such as Planning Commission Finance Commission, NDMA, nodal
ministries, state level bodies, district level bodies, local level bodies
and other stakeholders. (Action: National, State and District NGO
Task Forces in DM)
4. Coordination
Establishing inter agency mechanisms for coordination and
networking activities (information and knowledge management,
training and capacity building, collaborative advocacy, quality and
accountability) at all levels ( Action NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs)
5. Accessibility
Establish protocols for cooperation and ensure access to the affected
areas with support from government agencies at respective levels like
NDRF and SDRF that have good logistics base to reach inaccessible
areas (Action: NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs)
6. Community participation
Ensure community participation in assessment, planning,
implementation and monitoring of activities at all levels (Action:
NDMA, SDMAS and DDMAS)
7. Focus on most vulnerable rather than only on epicenter
National level: Advocate will all actors to reach out to gap areas
State level: Coordinate among actors to identify gap areas.
Government
Military IOs
Host
NGOs
Countries
Religion Business
Zone of Collaboration/Coordination
Core values
• Neutrality
• Aid (help) will not be used to further a particular political or
religious standpoint.
• Accountability
• Impartiality
• Aid is given regardless of race, creed (a faith) , or nationality.
• Aid is based on need alone.
• Independence
• Aid agencies shall not act as instruments of government
foreign policy.
Water &
Sanitation
Role o Disabled
Awarenes NGO’s in friendly
s Disaster constructi
mitigation on
Shelter,
public
buildings
and
infrastruct
ure
Local
Residents
Associations
Interest
Religious
Bodies CBOs Groups
Ex-Rotary
Club
Association
of Local
Occupation
Groups
Role of armed forces
PROVISION OF AID TO CIVIL AUTHORITY WHEN CALLED
UPON TO DO SO FOR MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER,
HUMANITARIAN AID AND ASSISTANCE DURING
DISASTERS AND CALAMITIES OR ANY OTHER
CIRCUMSTANCES INCLUDING MAINTENANCE OF
ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
Command & Control infrastructure including
communication.
Medical Aid
Types of Assistance.
Logistics backup for transport of relief
Relief camp establishing
Construction/repair of roads &bridges
Maintenance of essential services
Evacuation
Judicious use
Guiding principles Immediate response.
Command of troops
No menial task
Requisition of aid on task basis
Liaison & coordination
Advance planning & training
Integration of all resources
