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Gradient, Divergence and Curl (1)

The document discusses vector differential operators, specifically the gradient, divergence, and curl, defined using the Nabla operator. It provides mathematical definitions for each operator and notes their applications in vector and scalar fields. Additionally, the document includes problems for practical application of these concepts.

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wasayminhas44
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12 views7 pages

Gradient, Divergence and Curl (1)

The document discusses vector differential operators, specifically the gradient, divergence, and curl, defined using the Nabla operator. It provides mathematical definitions for each operator and notes their applications in vector and scalar fields. Additionally, the document includes problems for practical application of these concepts.

Uploaded by

wasayminhas44
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

GRADIENT, DIVERGENCE AND CURL


2

Vector differential operator:


𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝛁≡ 𝒊+ 𝒋+ 𝒌=𝒊 + 𝒋 +𝒌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
The operator is known as ‘Nabla’

The Gradient:

Let be defined and differentiable at each point in a certain region of space. Then the gradient of , is
defined by

𝛁𝜙≡ ( 𝜕
𝒊+
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕
𝒋+
𝜕
𝜕𝑧
𝒌 𝜙= )
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝒊+
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦
𝒋+
𝜕𝜙
𝜕𝑧
𝒌

N.B.: defines a vector Field.


3

The Divergence:
Let be defined and differentiable at each point in a certain region of space. Then the
divergence of , is defined by

𝜕 𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 2 𝜕𝑉 3
𝛁 ∙𝐕≡
𝜕
(𝒊+
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕
𝒋+
𝜕
𝜕𝑧 )
𝒌 ∙ ( 𝑉 1 𝒊+ 𝑉 2 𝒋 +𝑉 3 𝒌 ) = +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕𝑧
+

The Curl:
Let be defined and differentiable at each point in a certain region of space. Then the
curl of , is defined by

| |
𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
𝛁 ×𝐕≡
𝜕
𝜕𝑥
𝒊+ (𝜕
𝜕𝑦
𝒋+
𝜕
𝜕𝑧 )
𝒌 × ( 𝑉 1 𝒊+𝑉 2 𝒋+ 𝑉 3 𝒌 )=
𝜕
𝜕𝑥
𝜕
𝜕𝑦
𝜕
𝜕𝑧
𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉3

N.B.: defines a scalar Field and defines a vector field


4

Some Properties
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

8.
5

Problem 1. If , find at the point (1, -2,-1).


Solution:
+
6

Problem 2. If , find at the point (1,-1,1).


Solution:
7

Problem 3. If , find .
Solution:

Then,

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