1

A Cross-sectional study on Maternal and

Child
Health (Family welfare , Antenatal Care and
Immunization) in surveyed families residing
in
► GUIDED BY
urban slum KrishnaNagar,Raipur
Dr. ABHIRUCHI GALHOTRA
PROFESSOR
Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS
RAIPUR .
► Presented by
Sudipta Kumar Jyotishi
Roll no -971, MBBS -2021 Batch.
CONTENTS 2

• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES
• METHODOLOGY
• RESULTS
• DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• LIMITATIONS
• REFERENCES
 3

INTRODUCTION
 4
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
The term maternal and child health refers to the
promotive ,
preventive, curative and rehabilitative care for the
mothers
It includes sub areas
and children.
of
• Maternal health
• Child health
• Family planning
• School health
• Handicapped children
• Adolescence
• Health aspect of the care of
children
in special settings like day care
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MCH PROBLEMS
Currently the main health problems affecting
the health of the mother and child in india , as in
other developing countries revolves around the
triad....
1.
Malnutrition

2.Infectio 3.Uncontrolled
n
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KYE COMPONENTS OF
MCH
• Family welfare

• Antenatal care

• Immunization
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FAMILY WELFARE

It includes not only planning of births, but the welfare of whole family
by
means of total family health care.
The family welfare program aims at achieving higher end –that is ,to
improve
the quality of life of the people.
Family planning:
It refers to practices that help individuals or couples to attain
certain objectives:
▪ To regulate the intervals between pregnancies
▪ To control the time at which births occur in relation to the ages of the
parents
▪ To determine the number of children in the family
▪ To avoid unwanted births
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ANTENATAL CARE
▪ Antenatal Care is the care provided by skilled
healthcare professional to pregnant women and
pregnant adolescent girls in order to provide
best
health condition to both mother and baby

▪ It aims at achieving ,at the end of pregnancy, a

healthy mother and healthy baby ,reducing
e risk
of stillbirths and pregnancy complications and give
women a positive pregnancy experience.
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COMPONENTS OF ANTENATAL CARE
▪ Risk identification
▪ Prevention and management of pregnancy related or concurrent
diseases
▪ Health education and health promotion

Objectives :

▪ To promote ,protect and maintain health of mother during pregnancy

▪ To detect high risk cases and give them special attention
▪ To foresee complication and prevent them
▪ To reduce maternal and infant mortality and morbidity
▪ To remove anxiety and dread related to delivery
▪ To sensitize mother for the need of family planning and advice to
cases
 ANTENATAL VISITS 1
Table no. 1
0
Ideally 13 - 14 visits

1st to 7th Once a 7

month month visits
Twice a
8th month 2 visits
month (every 15
9th month 4 times a
days) 4
onwards month
visits
(once a week)

Minimum 4 visits during entire pregnancy

1st within 12 weeks (during

visit registration)
2nd between 14 - 26
visit weeks
3rd between 28 - 34
visit weeks
4th 36 weeks to
visit term
 RISK APPROACH 1
1
The central purpose of antenatal care to identify high risk cases(as early as
possible)
and arrange for them skilled care, while continuing appropriate care for all
mothers.

These cases comprise the following:

1) Elderly primi(30 years and above)
2) Short stature primi(140 cm and below)
3) Antepartum haemorrhage,threatened abortion
4) Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
5) anaemia
6) Twins,Hydramnios
7) Previous still births,Intrauterine death, manual removal of placenta
8) Elderly grand multiparas
 RISK APPROACH Contd. 1
2
9) Prolonged pregnancy (14 days after EDD)
10) History of previous caesarean or instrumental
delivery
11) Pregnancy associated with general diseases like
diabetes, liver disease,CVS disease, kidney disease,
tuberculosis,
malaria,convulsions,asthma,HIV,RTI,STI, etc.
12) Treatment for infertility
13) Three or more spontaneous consecutive abortions
14) Malpresentation, viz Breech, transverse lie etc
15) Rh Incompatibility
 IMMUNIZATION 1
3
▪ Immunisation means the usage of a vaccine for the
purpose of immunising individuals. Usage includes all
processes that occur after a vaccine product has left the
manufacturing/packaging site ; i.e.,handling, prescribing
and administration of the vaccine .
▪ It is a mass means of protecting people by augmenting
the
herd immunity .
▪ Herd immunity (or community immunity) describes a
type
of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a portion
of a population (or herd) provides protection to
h

Table no -
2

, fIPV-3, Vit. A

, Vit. A
 OBJECTIVES 1
4

• To study the awareness and utilization of various

family
planning methods and the attitude towards it among
the
eligible couples of Krishna Nagar

• To identify antenatal cases in the area and to

analyse the
usage of various antenatal care services provided

• To identify the under 5 aged children and study

 METHODOLOGY 1
Study Descriptive study (Observational cross-sectional
design
5
study)
Study Urban slum in Krishna
setting Nagar,Raipur

Study 14 families residing in Krishna

subject Nagar
Study 9th September to 15th September and 21st October to 26th
period October
Sample 14 families (58
size members)
Sampling
method Convenient sampling
method
Study Pre-designed questionnaire provided
material byCFM
department, stethoscope and measuring
Statistical Data was entered into an excel sheet and
analysis
tape
 Study 1
Procedure 6
• Students were randomly alloed
12 families in the urban slum of Krishna
Nagar

• Verbal consent was taken

• Data was collected using the pre designed

questionnaire

• Results obtained were compiled, analyzed

and
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7

RESULT
S
Table no. 1
3 8
General findings on family welfare and
MCH
Parameter Dat
s a
No. of families 14
surveyed
No. of eligible couples 9

No. of pregnant 0
women
No. of infants (< 1 0
year)
No. of children (1 - 5 4
years)
 Table no.
4 19
Age of males and females of eligible couples at
the
time of marriage (n = couples)
Age group Males (N) Females
(years) (N)

15 - 20 2 4

21 - 25 4 4

26 - 30 2 1

31 - 35 1 0
 Table 20
no.5
Age of males and females of eligible couples at
the
of birth of their 1st child ( n = 7 couples )
Age group Males (N) Females
(years) (N)
15 - 20 1 4

21 - 25 4 4

26 - 30 2 1

31 - 35 2 0
 Table no.6 2
FINDING 1

CRITERI S FINDING
A S
No. of eligible 9 couples
couples
Mean age at marriage 25
(male) years
Mean age at marriage 21
(female) years
Mean age of males the birth of 1st 26
child years
Mean age of female at the birth of 1st 22
child years
Usage of contraceptives in relation to
2
awareness among eligible couples ( n = 9
2
couples)
All the couples are aware about any one method of
contraception
N=
3

N=6

Figure no.
Types of contraceptives used by the eligible couples in the
surveyed 2
area ( n = 6 couples using contraceptives ) 3
No. of eligible 3 3

2 2
couples

1 1

0 0
CONDOM TUBECTOM
Y
Figure no. 2
 Immunization coverage of Under 5 years 2
children
Table no. 7 4
Imm
Pent
He Boos uniz
Age aval Boos Rota Vit. ation
Sl Nam OPV pa ter MR MR
and ent fIPV( ter virus A
no e BC (0,1,2, Titi
1,2,3 DPT( OPV (1,2, 1 2 as
sex (1,2,
3) sB 1,2) 1-9 per
G 3) ) 3 age
4 years Ye 1-
Jagriti
1 Verma
6 Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye N
s Ye Ye 8
don Ye Ye upt
F
months s s s s s s s s s o
3 years o e
Ye dat
upt
2 Neer 6month Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye 1- Ye Ye
s e
o
M s s s s s N s s don
6 s s
s
o e dat
4 Ye 1- No
3 Lipika Ye Ye N Ye Ye
s
N Ye
7
don Ye Ye e
Upt
years
F N s t
s s o s s o s s dat
o
4 e
o 1- upt
e
Nitya Ye
4 11
years Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye
s 9
don o
F
months s s s s s N s s s s
e dat
o
e
 2
5

DISCUSSIO
N
 Eligible couples per thousand
2
population
No. of eligible couples in the surveyed 6
Total population area =9
of surveyed area
No. of eligible=couples
58 per thousand population = 9/58
×1000 =155
No. of eligible couples per thousand

16 16
15
7 5
3
population

Figure no.
Usage of permanent contraception in surveyed
population 2
7
47.3
%
36
33.3
%
%
Percentag
e

Figure no .
4
 28

• In the surveyed area, most known contraceptives are condoms,

Tubectomy,
oral pills.

• Most used contraceptive method in the surveyed area was Tubectomy

And Condoms.

• Reasons for not following contraceptive methods were found to be - they

are planning to conceive.
 Vaccine coverage for individual Vaccine as per 2
Table no .8 NFHS -5 9

BCG OP Hepatitis Pentavalen Measle Vit.A

B t
V s

Indi 94.7 79.2 83 86 87 71.8

a % % % % % %

Chhatisgar 95.8 85.8 83.3 84 87.7 81.9

h % % % % % %

Surveyed 100 100 75 100 0 100

area % % % % % %
 30

CONCLUSIO
N
 Positive 3
findings 1

• All eligible couples are aware of any one of family planning

measures
 Scope for 3
improvement 2

• Two women were found to be under 18 years of age during

marriage

• Immunization of under 5 children is not upto date in surveyed

population
 Recommendatio 3
n 3

• Educate them Danger signs of pregnancy

• Improve Vaccination Coverage of Under 5

childrens

• Awareness about the minimum age of Marrige

 LIMITATION 3
S 4

▪ The sample size was inadequate to know the real

scenario of urban slum.

▪ Time period of data collection was inadequate to

get a detailed information .

▪ Proper examination of all the family members

could not be done due to their absence
during the survey.
 REFERENCE 3
5
S
• Park.K. ,Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine.
27th
edition

• International Institute for Population Sciences,National Family

Health
Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-2021,Ministry of Health And Family
Welfare,
Available at: The DHS Program - India: DHS, 2019-21 - Final
Report
(English) . Access date:15th
October 2024
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Thank
you