Arab Academy for Science ,

Technology and Maritime Transport

EEC3220
Introduction to
Communication Systems

Lecture 7
Fourier Transform Properties
(cont’d)
 Fourier Transform Properties
6. Differentiation in Frequency domain

The property: d nG  f 
(  j 2 t )n g (t ) 
df n

Proof: If g (t )  G ( f )
dG  f 
??  Fourier pair
df

If :
dG  f  




G( f ) 
 g (t )e
 j 2  ft
dt    j 2 t  g (t ) e  j 2 ft dt
 df 
 Fourier Transform Properties
7. Integration in time domain
If g (t )  G ( f )
t
1
The property:

g ( )d 
j 2 f
G( f )


Proof: g ( ) 


G ( f ) e j 2 f  df
 t
t

 g ( ) d 
 G( f ) e d df
j 2 f 


f     

 t
e j 2 f 


 G( f )
f  
j 2 f   
df
 Fourier Transform Properties
7. Integration in time domain

t
1
Proof:

g ( ) d 

f  
j 2 f
G ( f )  e j 2 ft  e    df


1


f  
j 2 f
G ( f ) e j 2 ft df

 1 
F  1
G( f )
 j 2 f 
 Fourier Transform Properties
7. Integration in time domain

If g(t) is as shown in the figure below, find the FT of the function:

t



g ( )d
g(t)

2
-2 t

-3
Fourier Transform Properties
8. Area under g(t)

g (t )  G ( f )

G ( f )  g (t )e  j 2ft dt
 The area under the signal in the time
 domain is equal to the Zeroth of the
G (0)  g (t )dt signal in the frequency domain


g(t)
G(f)
Fourier Transform Properties
9. Area under G(f)
g (t )  G ( f )

g (t )  G ( f )e j 2ft df


The area under the signal in the frequency
g (0)  G ( f )df
domain is equal to the Zeroth of the signal

in the time domain
g(t)
G(f)

The area under the signal in any domain is equal to the origin value of the signal in
the other domain.
Fourier Transform Properties
10. Gaussian pulse
Fourier Transform Properties
11. Duality

if g t   G  f 

then G t   g  f 

or G  t   g  f 
Fourier Transform Properties
11. Duality

Example:
A rect(t/T)  AT sinc(fT)

Apply duality: AT sinc(tT)  A rect(-f/T)

since, rect(·) is an even function

therefore, AT sinc(tT)  A rect( f/T)

Fourier Transform Properties
12. Multiplication in Frequency domain

If g1 (t )  G1 ( f ) and g 2 (t )  G2 ( f )
Then the properties is:

g1 t   g 2 t   .
G1 ( f ) G2 ( f )

Convolution
(time-domain) ↔ Multiplication
(frequency domain)

• Multiplication in the frequency domain result in convolution in the time

domain.
Fourier Transform Properties
12. Multiplication in Frequency domain

The convolution in time domain is represented as:

g1 t  g 2 t   g1  g 2 t    d



 In mathematics, in particular functional analysis,

convolution is a mathematical operator which takes two
functions g1 and g2 and produces a third function that, in
a sense, represents the amount of overlap between g1
and a reversed and translated version of g2.
Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution Properties:

• Commutative:
g1 t   g 2 t   g 2 t   g1 t 
• Distributive:
g1 t    g 2 t   g 3 t  g1 t   g 2 t   g1 t   g 3 t 
• Associative:

g1 t    g 2 t   g 3 t   g1 t   g 2 t   g 3 t 

• Shift:
If g1 t   g 2 t  c(t ), then
g1 t   g 2 t  T   g1 t  T   g 2 t  c (t  T )
 Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution steps:
1. Make each waveform a function of the dummy variable τ.
2. Time-invert one of the waveforms and add t to allow it to
slide back and forward on the τ-axis (i.e., x-axis).
3. Mark the edges of the time inverted function with respect
to t.
4. Start the function at   and slide it all the way to .
Wherever the two functions overlap, find the integral of
their product.
5. The resulting waveform is the convolution of the two
functions.
Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution example
• Convolve the following two functions:
f(t) g(t)
2 3

*
t t
2 -2 2

• Replace t with τ in f(t) and g(t)

• Choose to flip and slide g(t) since it is simpler and
symmetric
• Functions overlap like this: t-2 t t+2
g(t-t)
2
f(t)

t
2
-2 + t 2+t
 Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution example
• Convolution can be divided into 5 Regions
I. Region(I) t < -2 t 3 g(t-t)
• Two functions do not overlap
• Area under the product of the 2
f(t)
functions is zero
t
2
II. Region(II) -2  t < 0 -2 + t 2+t

• t
Part of g(t) overlaps part of f(t) 3 g(t-t)
• Area under the product of the 2
functions is f(t)

t
2
2 t -2 + t 2+t
32  t 
2 t 2
 2  3t 2
 3(   2)d 3   2    62  t   6
0  2 0 2 2
 Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution example
t
III. Region (III): 0  t < 2 g(t-t)

• Here, g(t) completely overlaps f(t) 2

f(t)
• Area under the product is just t
2 2 2
 2  -2 + t 2+t

 3   2  d 3    2  6
0  2  0

t
IV. Region(IV): 2  t < 4 3 g(t-t)

• Part of g(t) and f(t) overlap 2

f(t)
• Calculated similarly to -2  t < 0 t
2
-2 + t 2+t
2
2
 2  3 2
 3(   2)d 3 
 2 t  2
 2   t  12 t  24
  2 t 2
Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution example
V. Region(V): t  4
• g(t) and f(t) do not overlap
• Area under their product is zero
 Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution example
• Result of convolution (5 intervals of interest):

0 for t   2 No overlap
 3 2
 2 t  6 for  2 t  0 partial overlap

y (t )  f (t ) * g (t ) 6 for 0 t  2 Complete
 3 t 2  12 t  24 for 2 t  4 overlap
2 partial overlap
0 for t 4 No overlap

y(t)
6

t
-2 0 2 4
Fourier Transform Properties
13. Multiplication in Time domain

If g1 (t )  G1 ( f ) and g 2 (t )  G2 ( f )
Then the properties is:

g1 t  . g t  2
 G1 ( f )  G2 ( f )

↔
Multiplication Convolution
(time- domain) (frequency-domain)

• Multiplication in the time domain result in convolution in

the frequency domain.
Fourier Transform Properties
13. Multiplication in Time domain
2
What is the Fourier Transform of g (t ) sinc (tT )
g (t ) ( )2 

{ f ( x)} {sincsinc}
{sinc} * {sinc}
rect * rect

*
