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CBD

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding international agreement aimed at conserving biological diversity and promoting sustainable use of its components, established in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. It encompasses genetic resources, species, and ecosystems, with 196 member nations as of 2024. The CBD's major goals include the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair benefit-sharing from genetic resources.

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3 views9 pages

CBD

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding international agreement aimed at conserving biological diversity and promoting sustainable use of its components, established in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. It encompasses genetic resources, species, and ecosystems, with 196 member nations as of 2024. The CBD's major goals include the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair benefit-sharing from genetic resources.

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Srijani Patra
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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

~ Prof. Subhra Mukherjee


Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
B.C.K.V., West Bengal, India
What is “Biodiversity”?
• The term “biodiversity” was coined by Walter G. Rosen and popularized by
Edward Wilson.

• “Bio” means living, and “diversity” means heterogeneity.

• Biodiversity or Biological diversity refers to the variety of life present on earth.

• According to 4b of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, "Biological diversity"


encompasses diversity within and between species as well as across ecosystems,
and it refers to the variability among living things from all sources and the
ecological complexes of which they are a part.
GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION:

• Conservation of biological diversity started in various countries and international crop research

institutes in the mid-twentieth century. However, concerted international efforts began in the late

18s of the twentieth century.

• These efforts are crucial to addressing the rapid decline of biodiversity due to human activities.

• Some of the key initiatives and agreements are :


1. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

2. The Nature Conservancy (TNC)

3. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

5. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

6. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

7. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity

8. Global Environment Facility (GEF)

9. Aichi Biodiversity Targets

10. Nagoya Protocol

11. Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: This framework aims to guide biodiversity conservation
efforts for the next decade and beyond.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• The United Nations “Convention on Biological Diversity” is a legally binding
Agreement between nations from all over the globe to conserve Biological Diversity
using its components in sustainable means and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits
arising from using genetic resources.
• It is the first global initiative that covered all aspects of biological diversity (genetic
resources, species, and ecosystem), adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. It is the
largest convention and most widely endorsed international treaty on environmental
problems, with 196 members (as of 2024). This is the first time that a legally enforceable
international agreement specifically addresses genetic diversity. CBD came into force on
29th December 1993. The text of the Convention has 42 articles.
Origin and History:
• The necessity for a worldwide Convention on Biological Diversity became apparent in 1984.

• In response, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) in 1987 recognized the necessity to
streamline international efforts to protect biodiversity.

• It was observed that the existing treaties were not adequate in addressing the conservation and sustainable
usage issues, and there was an urgent need for a new global treaty on biological diversity.

• In addition to particular research by UNEP, organizations, including the Food and Agricultural
Organization and the World Conservation Union, provided draft articles on May 22, 1992.

• CBD was accepted by all countries in Nairobi and was presented before the UN Conference on
Environment and Development on June 5, 1992, at the “Earth Summit” in Rio de Janeiro, where 150
countries signed the Convention. The Convention entered into force on December 29 , 1993.
Major goals of CBD

a) Biological diversity conservation

b) Sustainable use of its components

c) Benefit sharing in a fair and equitable manner


Functions of CBD secretariat
a) Schedule and conduct the Conference meetings of the Parties

b) Carry out the tasks delegated to it by any protocol

c) Generate reports on how its duties under this Convention will be executed.

d) Present reports to the Conference of the Parties

e) Work with other pertinent international organizations in coordination

f) Perform other functions as determined by the Conference of the Parties.

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