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Toys Problem

The document discusses problem-solving agents in artificial intelligence, detailing their role in addressing complex tasks through three phases: problem formulation, searching for solutions, and executing actions. It presents specific examples such as the 8-puzzle problem, vacuum cleaner problem, water jug problem, and 8-queens problem, outlining their states, actions, and goal tests. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding, representation, and formulation in solving these problems.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views21 pages

Toys Problem

The document discusses problem-solving agents in artificial intelligence, detailing their role in addressing complex tasks through three phases: problem formulation, searching for solutions, and executing actions. It presents specific examples such as the 8-puzzle problem, vacuum cleaner problem, water jug problem, and 8-queens problem, outlining their states, actions, and goal tests. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding, representation, and formulation in solving these problems.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM SOLVING

AGENTS IN AI
PREPARED BY
SATHIYAVATHY P
DEPARTMRNT OF CSE(AIML)
PROBLEM SOLVING

• In artificial intelligence, a problem-solving agent refers to a type


of intelligent agent designed to address and solve complex
problems or tasks in its environment. These agents are a
fundamental concept in AI and are used in various applications,
from game-playing algorithms to robotics and decision-making
systems.
• Problem-solving agents can vary greatly in complexity, from
simple algorithms that solve straightforward puzzles to highly
sophisticated AI systems that tackle complex, real-world
problems.
PROBLEM SOLVING AI

• A problem-solving agent has three phases: • problem


formulation, searching solution and executing actions in the
solution.
• A problem can be defined by five components:
• initial state,
• actions,
• transition model,
• goal test,
• path cost. I
TOYS PROBLEM
8-PUZZLE PROBLEM
8-PUZZLE PROBLEM

• STATE:Each of 8-tiles and a blank in one 0f 9 Squares.


• INITIAL STATE: Any state can be a initial state
• ACTIONS:Movements of blank space
1)Left 2)Right 3)Up 4)Down
TRANSITION MODEL: Given a state and action this results in resulting state.
GOAL TEST: Check whether state matches goal configuration.
PATH COST: Each steps cost 1,so path cost is no of steps in the paths.
8-PUZZLES 8-TILES

INITIAL STATE
GOAL STATE
1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5
4 5
7 8 6
7 8 6
INITIAL STATE

1 2 3 1 2 3

4 5 4 5 6 GOAL STATE
7 8 6 7 8

Move right
Move up Move down
Move left H=1
H=1+1+1=3 H=1+1+1=3
H=1+1+1=3 2 3
1 2 3 1 3 1 2 3
1
4 5 4 5 4 2 5 4 8 5
7 8 6 7 8 6 7 6
7 8 6
Move left
H=1+1=2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2
4 5 4 5 4 5 6
4 5 3
6 7 8 6 7 8 7 8
6 7 8
VACUUM CLEANER PROBLEM

Problem solving area of finding answers for unknown situation.


• Understanding
• Representation
• Formulation
• Solving

TYPES
• Simple-can be solved using Deterministic Approach
• Complex-Lack of full information.
INTRODUCTION

• Well-known search problem for an agent which works on AI


• Our Vaccum cleaner is our AGENT
• Goal-Clean up the Whole Area
UNDERSTANDING

• Two rooms and one Vacuum Cleaner


• Dirt in both rooms-to be cleaned.
• Vacuum cleaner present in any one room
• Goal-Clean both rooms.
REPRESENTATION

• Two rooms-with Dirt


• Vaccum cleaner in any one room
• State representation
8-POSSIBLE STATES VC
1.Dirt –Both Rooms-VC-Left
Room 1 2
2.Dirt-Both Rooms-VC-Right Room

3.Dirt-Right Room-VC-Left Room 3 4


4.Dirt-Right Room-VC-Right Room

5.Dirt-Left Room-VC-Left Room


5 6

6.Dirt-Left Room-VC-Right Room

7-No Dirt-Both Rooms-VC-Left


7 8
Room
8.No Dirt-Both Rooms-VC-Right
Room
R
S S
L
R R
SS
L L

R
L
WATER JUG PROBLEM

• 4 - gallon one and 3- gallon Jug


• No measuring mark on the jug

4 3

There is a pump to fill a jug with water


STATE REPRESENTATION

• X represents the quantity of water in the 4-gallon jug X=0,1,2,3,4


• Y represents the quantity of water in 3-gallon jug Y=0,1,2,3
* Start state(0,0)
* Goal state(2,0) 0
0
2 0
WATER JUG PROBLEM
8-QUEENS PROBLEM

• The goal of the 8-Queens Problem is to place 8 queens


on a chess board such that no queen attacks any other.
• A chess board has 8 rows and 8 columns
• A Queen can attacks any piece in the same row,
columns or diagonal
STATE REPRESENTATION

• State: Any arrangement of 0 to 8 Queens on the board.


• Initial state: No queens on the board (i.e) Empty square.
• Action: Add a Queeen to any empty square
• Transition Models: Returns the board with a Queen added to the specified
square.
• Goal test: 8 Queens are on the board none of them get attacked.
• Path Cost: For each action cost is 1.So,8 path cost is an effective cost path to
compare the problem.
THANK YOU

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