In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

UNIT II:
Principle and Objectives of Energy Management

Aita Bahadur Subba

Associate Lecturer
(JNEC)
Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

Outline:
1.Demand Side Management (DSM),
2.DSM for various sectors:
i. Residential,
ii. Commercial,
iii.Industrial,
iv.Transport,
v. Agricultural.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

Demand Side Management (DSM)

 Demand-side management (DSM) in electricity refers to the planning,
implementation, and coordination of usage of electrical energy.
 The goal of demand-side management is to improve the consumption of
electricity in a way that benefits both consumers and the power system as a
whole.
How do we do DSM?
1. Load Shifting:
 DSM strategies often involve encouraging consumers to shift their electricity
usage away from peak demand periods to off-peak hours when electricity is
cheaper or when the grid is under less stress.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!
 This can be achieved through pricing incentives, such as time-of-
use tariffs, where electricity rates vary based on the time of day.

2. Energy Efficiency:
 Another focus of DSM is promoting energy efficiency measures to reduce
overall electricity consumption.
 This can include incentives for energy-efficient appliances, lighting,
insulation, and building design, as well as programs to educate consumers
about energy-saving practices.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

3. Demand Response:
 Demand response programs are a crucial component of DSM, where
consumers voluntarily reduce their electricity usage in response to signals
from the grid operator during times of high demand.
 This can be done through automated systems that adjust thermostats, lighting,
or industrial processes, or through manual interventions by consumers.

4. Peak Shaving (cutting):

 Peak shaving involves reducing the maximum electricity demand during peak
periods, which can help avoid the need for costly investments in additional
generation capacity or infrastructure to meet peak demand.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

5. Integration of Renewable Energy:

 DSM can also involve strategies to integrate renewable
energy sources into the grid by managing electricity demand
to match the variable output of wind and solar power
generation.
 This may involve incentivizing consumers to use electricity
when renewable energy resources are abundant.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

DSM for various sectors:

i. Residential
 In the residential sector, DSM focuses on encouraging consumers
to alter their electricity usage habits or adopt technologies that help
them consume electricity more efficiently, ultimately aiming to
reduce overall electricity demand during peak periods or times of
stress on the electrical grid.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

DSM for various sectors:

i. Residential
 In the residential sector, DSM focuses on encouraging consumers
to alter their electricity usage habits or adopt technologies that help
them consume electricity more efficiently, ultimately aiming to
reduce overall electricity demand during peak periods or times of
stress on the electrical grid.
Some Common Strategies in Residential DSM:

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

Some Common Strategies in Residential DSM:

1. Time-of-Use Pricing:
 This involves charging different rates for electricity consumption based on
the time of day.
 Higher rates are typically applied during peak periods, incentivizing
consumers to shift their electricity usage to off-peak hours when rates are
lower.
2. Demand Response Programs:
 These programs encourage consumers to voluntarily reduce their electricity
usage during peak demand periods in exchange for financial incentives,
credits, or other rewards.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

3. Energy Efficiency Measures:

 Promoting the adoption of energy-efficient appliances, lighting, and building
insulation can help reduce overall electricity consumption in residential
buildings.

4. Smart Meters and Home Energy Management Systems:

 Smart meters enable real-time monitoring of electricity usage and can
provide consumers with insights into their consumption patterns.
 Home energy management systems can automate and optimize electricity
usage based on preferences, schedules, and energy prices.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

5. Incentive Programs:
 Providing rebates, subsidies, or other financial incentives for the adoption of
energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, or other energy-saving measures
can encourage residential consumers to invest in these technologies.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

DSM for various sectors:

ii. Commercial,
 DSM (Demand Side Management) in the commercial sector involves
implementing strategies and technologies to optimize energy usage, reduce
costs, and enhance overall energy efficiency.
 Here's a general guideline on how to perform DSM in the commercial
sector:
1. Energy Audit and Assessment:
 Conduct a comprehensive energy audit to identify areas of inefficiency and
potential for improvement.
 Analyze energy consumption patterns, peak demand periods, and areas of wastage.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

2. Technology Adoption:
 Implement energy-efficient technologies such as LED lighting, smart
thermostats, occupancy sensors, and energy management systems.
 Invest in energy-efficient appliances, equipment, and machinery.
 Explore renewable energy sources like solar panels or wind turbines for on-site
generation.
3. Load Management:
 Implement load shedding or shifting strategies to reduce peak demand.
 Utilize energy storage solutions to store excess energy during off-peak hours for
use during peak times.
 Employ demand response programs to incentivize load reduction during periods
of high demand
Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

4.Energy Efficiency Policies and Incentives:

 Establish energy efficiency policies and guidelines to promote a culture of
energy conservation.
 Take advantage of government incentives, rebates, and tax credits for
energy-saving initiatives

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

DSM for various sectors:

iii. Industrial,
 Performing Demand Side Management (DSM) in the industrial sector
involves optimizing energy usage and reducing demand during peak periods
while maintaining or improving productivity.
How to perform DSM in Industrials sectors:
1. Technology Adoption
2. Load Management
3. Demand Response Programs
4. Energy Efficiency Policies and Incentives
5. Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

DSM for various sectors:

iv. Transport Sector,
 Demand Side Management (DSM) in the transportation sector involves
strategies to optimize travel patterns, reduce energy consumption, and
mitigate the environmental impact of transportation activities.
 Here's how to perform DSM in the transport sector:

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

i. Promote Sustainable Transportation Modes:

 Encourage the use of public transportation, cycling, walking, and carpooling
through incentives, subsidies, and infrastructure improvements.
 Develop and expand public transit systems, including buses, trains, and light
rail, to provide viable alternatives to private vehicle use.

2. Implement Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Measures:

 Introduce policies such as congestion pricing, parking restrictions, and
vehicle access restrictions to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips and
encourage shared mobility options

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

1. Promote Sustainable Transportation Modes:

 Encourage the use of public transportation, cycling, walking, and carpooling
through incentives, subsidies, and infrastructure improvements.
 Develop and expand public transit systems, including buses, trains, and light
rail, to provide viable alternatives to private vehicle use.

2. Implement Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Measures:

 Introduce policies such as congestion pricing, parking restrictions, and
vehicle access restrictions to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips and
encourage shared mobility options

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

3. Promote Energy-Efficient Vehicles:

 Incentivize the adoption of energy-efficient vehicles, including hybrid,
electric, and fuel-efficient cars, through subsidies, tax credits, and rebates.
 Expand the infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs), including charging
stations and incentives for EV adoption.
4. Encourage Eco-Driving Practices:
 Provide training and education programs for drivers on eco-driving
techniques, including smooth acceleration, steady speed, and anticipation of
traffic conditions.
 Integrate eco-driving principles into driver training programs for commercial
fleets and public transportation operators.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

V. Agricultural Sector
 Demand Side Management (DSM) in the agricultural sector involves
optimizing energy usage, water consumption, and other resources while
maintaining or improving productivity and sustainability.

 Here's how to perform DSM in the agricultural sector:

1. Energy Audit and Assessment:
2. Energy-Efficient Equipment and Practices:
3. Renewable Energy Integration
4. Efficient Heating and Cooling Systems
5. Training and Education:

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

5. Promote Multi-Modal Integration:

 Integrate different transportation modes and services through seamless
ticketing, scheduling, and information sharing platforms.
 Develop intermodal transportation hubs to facilitate transfers between
different modes of transportation, including public transit, biking, and car-
sharing.

Everyone makes errors; the greatest wisdom is accepting them because they teach us the truth.
 In Pursuit of Preparing Tomorrow's Technologists!

Reference:
1. https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/global-warming/global-co2-emissions
2. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/bhutan-gearing-up-to-import-electricity-from-india-for-exte
nded-period-report/104029691
3. https://kuenselonline.com/bhutans-energy-demand-could-grow-by-400-percent-by-2030/

Everybody makes mistakes and accepting mistakes is the greatest wisdom, because mistakes teach us the truth.