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Capacitors

The document provides an overview of capacitors, explaining their function as electronic components that store electrostatic energy. It covers types of capacitors, including ceramic, electrolytic, film, and variable capacitors, along with their characteristics and applications. Additionally, it discusses the concept of capacitors in series, detailing how they share current and store charge while having different voltages.

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Jelly Rose Rellesiva
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2 views

Capacitors

The document provides an overview of capacitors, explaining their function as electronic components that store electrostatic energy. It covers types of capacitors, including ceramic, electrolytic, film, and variable capacitors, along with their characteristics and applications. Additionally, it discusses the concept of capacitors in series, detailing how they share current and store charge while having different voltages.

Uploaded by

Jelly Rose Rellesiva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Capacitors

ERON JAY C. ARCENAS


Presenter
Today’s Focus
• What is Capacitor?
• Types of Capacitor
• Unit of
• measurement
Capacitor in series
By the end of the
lesson, you’ll be
able to...
Understand the meaning of Identify the unit of
each capacitor. measurement for capacitors.

Learn about the Learn how to apply the


importance of capacitors. formula for capacitors in
series.
LITE – 608 Modern Electronics and Servicing

What
is
Capacitor?
A capacitor is a little
like a battery but works
completely differently.
Capacitor
A battery is an
electronic device that
converts chemical
energy into electrical
energy, whereas a
capacitor is an
electronic component
that stores electrostatic
energy in an electric
field.
A capacitor is a two-
terminal electrical device
that can store energy in the
Capacitor form of an electric charge.
It consists of two electrical
conductors that are
separated by a distance.
The space between the
conductors may be filled by
vacuum or with an
insulating material known
as a dielectric. The ability
of the capacitor to store
charges is known as
Capacitor Capacitance is the
effect of the capacitor.
Capacitance is defined as
the ratio of electric
charge Q to the voltage V
and it is expressed as:

C = Q/V
Capacitors store energy
by holding apart pairs of
opposite charges. The
Capacitor simplest design for a
capacitor is a parallel
plate, which consists of
two metal plates with a
gap between them.
But, different types of
capacitors are
manufactured in many
forms, styles, lengths,
girths, and materials.
A Leyden Jar was an
early example of a
capacitor.
Capacitor
Capacitors are
another element used
to control the flow of
charge in a circuit.

Capacitors consist of
two conducting
surfaces separated by
an insulator; a wire lead
is connected to each
How Does
Work? a Capacitor
The most basic
structure of a capacitor –
the parallel plate
capacitor. It consists of
two parallel plates
separated by a
dielectric. When we
connect a DC voltage
source across the
capacitor, one plate is
connected to the
positive end (plate I)
and the other to the
negative end (plate II).
How Does
Work? a Capacitor

When the battery is


removed from the
capacitor, the two plates
hold a negative and
positive charge for a
certain time.

Thus, the capacitor


acts as a source of
electrical energy.
Capacito
r
WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR
CARER,
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND

Symbol
DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT
USING ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL
LIGHTBULB, AND WIRES.

and
Unit
There are two
capacitor symbols
generally used in
electronics.

One symbol is for


polarized capacitors,
and the other is for
non-polarized
capacitors.
The symbol with one
curved plate represents a
Polarized Capacitor.

The curved plate


represents the cathode
(negative) of the
capacitor, and the other
plate is anode (positive).

Sometimes a plus sign


is also added to the
positive side.
The SI unit of
capacitance
is farad (Symbol: F). The
unit is named after
Michael Faraday, the
Great English Physicist.

A 1 farad capacitor,
when charged with 1
coulomb of
electrical charge, has a
potential difference of 1
volt between its plate.
Unit
of
Measurement
TYPES OF
CAPACITOR
There are several types of capacitors for
different applications and functions.
Following are the Main and Most Common
Types:
1. Ceramic
Capacitors
These are non-
polarized capacitors
made out of two or more
alternating layers of
ceramic and metal. The
ceramic acts as the
dielectric and the metal
acts as the electrodes.

Ceramic Capacitors are


also called “Disc
Capacitors.”
1. Ceramic
Capacitors
A code of 3 Digit is
generally printed on the
body of this type of
capacitors to tell their
capacitance in pico-
farads. The first two
digits represent the
value of the capacitor
and the third digit
represents the number
of zeros to be added.
2. Electrolytic
Capacitors
These type of
capacitors are generally
used where large
capacitance is needed.
Anode of electrolytic
capacitors is made of
metal and is covered with
an oxidized layer used as
dielectric.
The other electrode can
be either wet non-solid or
solid electrolyte.
2. Electrolytic
Capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors are
polarized. This means that
correct polarity must be used
when supplying DC voltage to it.
In simple words positive lead of
the capacitor must be connected
with positive terminal and
negative plead to the negative
terminal. Not doing so will
damage the capacitor.
2. Electrolytic
Capacitors
These capacitors are grouped into following 3 Types
depending on their dielectric:

Aluminum Tantalum Niobium


Electrolytic Electrolytic Electrolytic
Capacitors Capacitors Capacitors
3. Film Capacitors

These are most


common type of
capacitor used in
electronics.
3. Film Capacitors
Film capacitors or
plastic film capacitors
are non-polarized.
Hence, an insulating
plastic film acts as the
dielectric. Electrodes of
these types of
capacitors can be
aluminum metal or zinc
reactive metal.
3. Film Capacitors
Film capacitors are
available in different
shapes and sizes and
offer several advantage
over paper type
capacitors. They are
highly reliable, have
long life and have less
tolerances. They also
function well in high
temperature
environment.
4. Variable Capacitors
These are non-
polarized variable
capacitance type of
capacitors. They have
moving and fixed plates
to determine the
capacitance. They are
generally used in
Transmitters and
Receivers, Transistor
Radios etc.
CAPACITORS IN
SERIES CONNECTION
Capacitors in series draw the same current and
store the same amount of electrical charge
irrespective of the capacitance value.

When multiple capacitors are connected, they


share the same current or electric charge, but the
different voltage is known as series connected
capacitors or simply capacitors in series.
The following figure shows a typical series
connection of four capacitors.
In this type of connection, the left-hand plate of
the first capacitor, C1, is connected to the positive
terminal of the supply source, and its right-hand
plate is connected to the left-hand plate of the
capacitor, the right-hand of capacitor C2 is
connected to the left-hand plate of capacitor C3,
and a right-hand plate of capacitor C3 is connected
to left-hand plate of capacitor C4, and finally the
right-hand plate of capacitor C4 is connected to the
negative terminal of the supply source.
From the diagram, we can
point out that

•The same current and electric charge


flows through all the capacitors.
•There is a different voltage across each
capacitor, which depends on the
capacitance value of the capacitor.
•The total voltage across the
combination of capacitors equals the
voltages across individual capacitors.
Capacitance of
Capacitors Connected in
Series
In the above circuit, the total applied voltage can
be given by using KVL, i.e.

Since the voltage across a capacitor is given by,


Capacitance of
Capacitors Connected in
Series
Q is the capacitor’s charge, and C is the capacitance
of the capacitor.

Therefore, the total voltage is given by,

From the above expression, the charge on each


capacitor is the same since the current through
each capacitor remains the same.
THANK
YOU!
References:
https://www.electronicsandyou.com/what-is-capacitor-types-formula-
symbol.html
https://byjus.com/physics/capacitor-and-capacitance/

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