CALCULUS REVIEW

ENGR. CHRISTIAN JOY M. REYES

 DERIVATIVES

The Derivative of a constant is zero:

=0

Example:
y=2
=0
 DERIVATIVES
The derivative of a constant multiplied by a function:
= [ c.f(x) ] = c. (f(x))

Example:
y=3

Answer : 18
 DERIVATIVES
The power rule:
=
For example:
y=4

Answer = 16
 DERIVATIVES
Derivative of sum and difference:
= ( u + v) = +

= ( u - v) = -

Example:
y=3 y = + 5x + 15

Answer: 6x + 2 Answer: x + 5
 DERIVATIVES
Derivative of a product:
= ( u.v) = u + v

Example:
y=(

Answer:
 DERIVATIVES
Derivative of a quotient:
= ( )=

Example:
y=

Answer:
=
 DERIVATIVES
Derivative of a function with a rational exponents:
= () =

Example:

Answer:
=
 DERIVATIVES
Chain Rule:
= (derivative of OUTSIDE function)(Derivative of INSIDE)
Example:

Answer:
= 32x+24
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Solve for the derivative:
 ASSESSMENT
Solve for the derivative:
 IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
EXAMPLE:
 RELATED RATES

If a quantity y is a function of time t, the rate of change of y with respect to time is given
by dy/dt. When two
or more quantities, all functions of the time t, are related by an equation, the relation of
their rates of change
may be found by differentiating both sides of the equation.
 RELATED RATES
How to solve related rates?
• Draw diagram and label constants with numerical values
• Determine the given rates and which rates are required
• Find an equation relating to the step 1 & 2
• Differentiate the equation you found
• Substitute all the given information in the derived equation to find the required
rates
RELATED RATES
 RELATED RATES

Example:
If
 RELATED RATES

Example:
If
 RELATED RATES
Example:

A helicopter is rising vertically from the ground at a constant rate of 10 meters per
second. When it is 180m off the ground, a Ferrari passed beneath the helicopter
travelling in a straight line at a constant speed of 120 kph. Determine how fast the
distance between them changing after 1 second.
 RELATED RATES
Example:

After the winter a spherical snowball is melting in such a way that its diameter is
decreasing at a rate of 0.40 cm/min. At what rate is the volume of the snowball is
decreasing when the diameter is 12 cm?
 RELATED RATES
Example:

A 25-foot ladder rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom of the ladder is sliding away
from the base of the wall at the rate of 3 ft /sec, how fast is the top of the ladder moving
down the wall when the bottom of the ladder is 7 feet from the base?
 RELATED RATES
Example:

Ship A is sailing due south at 16 mi/h, and ship B, 32 miles south of A, is sailing due east
at 12 mi/h. (a) At what rate are they approaching or separating at the end of 1 hour? (b)
At the end of 2 hours? (c) When do they cease to approach each other, and how far apart
are they at that time?
 RELATED RATES
Example:

A ladder 20 ft long leans against a house. If the foot of the ladder is moving away from
the house at the rate of 2 ft/sec, find how fast (a) the top of the ladder is moving
downward, and (b) the slope of the ladder is decreasing, when the foot of the ladder is
12 ft from the house.
 RELATED RATES
Example:

Gas is escaping from a spherical balloon at the rate of 2 /min. How fast is the surface
area shrinking when the radius is 12 ft?

Answer:

dS/dt = -1/3
 RELATED RATES
Example:

A boy is flying a kite at a height of 150 ft. If the kite moves horizontally away from the
boy at 20 ft/sec, how fast is the string being paid out when the kite is 250 ft from him?

Answer:
16 ft/sec
 RELATED RATES
Example:

Water is being withdrawn from a conical reservoir 3 ft in radius and 10 ft deep at 4

ft^3/min. How fast is the
surface falling when the depth of the water is 6 ft? How fast is the radius of this surface
diminishing?

Answer:
-100/81π ft /min

- 10/27π ft /min
 RELATED RATES
Example:

A man 5 ft tall walks at a rate of 4 ft/sec directly away from a street light that is 20 ft
above the street. (a) At what rate is the tip of his shadow moving? (b) At what rate is the
length of his shadow changing?

Answer:

(a) 16/3 ft /sec

(b) 4/3 ft /sec
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
How to solve Maxima-Minima?

• Draw a figure when necessary and input the given

• Formulate an equation based on the given and situation of the problem
• Reduce to one or 2 variable equation
• Differentiate
• Equate the derivative to zero
• Solve for critical points
• Test for maxima and minima if given 2 or more critical points
• Substitute the critical point to the original equation
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

The sum of two positive numbers is 16, find the numbers if the sum of its square is to be
minimum.
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

The sum of two numbers is 6, find the numbers if the sum of its cube is to be minimum.
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

A fencing is limited to 20ft length. What is the maximum rectangular area that can be
fenced in using two perpendicular corner sides of an existing wall?
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

A rectangular storage area is to be constructed along the side of a tall building. A security fence is
required along the remaining 3 sides of the area. What is the maximum area that can be enclosed
with 800 m of fencing?
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.5 cubic
meters to obtain the minimum surface area.
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

A box is to be constructed from a piece of cardboard 20 inches square by cutting equal

squares from each corner and turning up the cardboard from the side. What is the
volume of the largest box that can be constructed?
 MAXIMA-MINIMA
Example:

Of all numbers whose sum is 200, find the two that have the maximum product. That is, maximize Q =
xy, where x + y = 200.