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Lecture 11

The document covers various examples and concepts in Engineering Mechanics, specifically focusing on Statics and Dynamics. It includes calculations for acceleration, velocity, and motion in both curvilinear and cylindrical coordinates, along with specific examples illustrating these principles. Key equations and methodologies for determining motion parameters are presented throughout the lecture notes.

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Radwa Essam
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2 views25 pages

Lecture 11

The document covers various examples and concepts in Engineering Mechanics, specifically focusing on Statics and Dynamics. It includes calculations for acceleration, velocity, and motion in both curvilinear and cylindrical coordinates, along with specific examples illustrating these principles. Key equations and methodologies for determining motion parameters are presented throughout the lecture notes.

Uploaded by

Radwa Essam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lect.

(11) 5-5-2025
Engineering Mechanics
(II) Statics &
Dynamics
LECTURE 11

Engineering Mechanics: Statics II


Example 10.7
Acceleration. a  at2  an2 at 7 ft/s 2
2
v
Since an  , the velocity as a function of time is

v v0  at t v 0  7t 7t
2 2
v ( 7t )
an   0.163t 2 ft/s 2
 300
The time needed for the acceleration to reach 8 ft/s 2 is
2 2 2
a at2  an2 8  (7)  (0.163t )
t 4.87 s
Velocity. The speed at time t = 4.87 s is
v 7t 7(4.87) 34.1 ft/s
Example 10.8 The boxes in Fig. (a) travel along the
industrial conveyor. If a box as in Fig.
starts from rest at A and increases its
speed such that at 0.2 t m/s 2
where t is in seconds, determine the
magnitude of its acceleration when it
arrives at point B.
Acceleration. at v v2
an 

Since v A 0 when t = 0, then
dv v t
at  0.2t
dt 0 dv 0 0.2 t dt
v 0.1 t 2
the position of B is
s B 3  2( / 2) 6.142 m
and since s A 0
when t = 0, we have
ds 2
v  0.1t
dt
ds 2 s t 2
v  0.1t
dt  0
ds  0
0.1 t dt
3
s 0.0333t
At B : s B 6.142 m t B 5.69 s
2
at 0.2t v 0.1 t
(a B ) t v B 0.2(5.69) 1.138m / s 2
2
v B 0.1(5.69) 3.238 m/s

At B,  B 2 m , so that
v B2 (3.238) 2
(a B ) n   5.242 m/s 2
The magnitude B 2
of a B is 2 2
a B  (1.138)  (5.242) 5.36 m/s 2
Curvilinear Motion:
Cylindrical Components
Polar Coordinates.
We can specify the location of particle P shown in
Fig. using both the radial coordinate r, which extends
outward from the fixed origin O to the particle,
and a transverse coordinate
which is the counterclockwise
angle between a fixed reference
line and the r axis.
Position. r ru r
Velocity. v r ru r  ru r u r  u
the velocity v can be written in component form as
v vr u r  v u
vr r v r
The magnitude of velocity
or speed is simply computed
as the positive value of

v  v  vr2  v2

the direction of v is of course tangent to the path at P


Acceleration. v r ru r  ru
a v r u r  r u r  r u  r u  r u 
u r  u u    u r
we can write the acceleration in component form as
a ar u r  a u
ar r  r 2 a r  2r
The magnitude of acceleration is
simply the positive value of

a a  ar2  a2
Remark.
 d
 is called the angular velocity, since it
dt indicates the time rate of change of the
angle 
d 2
  2 is called the angular acceleration since
dt
it measures the change made in the
angular velocity during an instant of time.
Cylindrical Coordinates.
If the particle P moves along a space
curve as shown in Fig., then
r p ru r  zu z
v p vr u r  v u  v z u z
a p ar u r  a u  a z u z

where
vr r ar r  r 2

v r a r  2r


v z z a z z
Example 1.10
The rod OA in Fig. is rotating in the horizontal plane
such that  t 3 rad. At the same time, the collar B is
2
sliding outward along OA so that r 100t mm.
If in both cases t is in seconds, determine the
velocity and acceleration of the collar when t = 1 s.
Velocity and Acceleration.
Determining the time derivatives and evaluating
when t = 1 s, we have
r 100t 2
100 mm  t 3 1 rad 57.3o
t 1 t 1

r 200t t 1 200 mm/s  3t 2 3 rad/s


t 1

r 200 t 1 200 mm/s2  6t t 1 6 rad/s 2


vr r 200 mm/s
v r (100)(3) 300 mm/s

v 200u r  300u mm/s


The magnitude of v is
2 2
v  (200)  (300) 361 mm/s
1300 o
 tan ( ) 56.3
200
    114 o
,
ar r  r 2 200  (100)(3) 2  700 mm/s2
a r  2r 100(6)  2(200)(3) 1800 mm/s2
a  700u r  1800u mm/s2
The magnitude of a is
2 2 2
a  (700)  (1800) 1930 mm/s

11800
 tan ( ) 111 .3o
 700
    169o
Example 1.12
Due to the rotation of the forked rod, the cylindrical
peg A in Fig. travels around the slotted path, a portion
of which is in the shape of a cardioid,
r 0.5(1  cos ) ft,
where  is in radians. If the
peg's velocity is v = 4 ft/s and
its acceleration is a.= 30 ft/s2
o
at the instant  180
determine the angular
velocity 
and angular acceleration 
of the fork.
r 0.5(1  cos )

r 0.5(sin  )  ft/s

 2 
r 0.5(cos ) ( )  0.5(sin  )  ft/s 2
r 0.5(1  cos )
r 0.5(sin  )  ft/s
r 0.5(cos ) ( ) 2  0.5(sin  )  ft/s 2

Evaluating these results at  180o


r 1 ft r 0  2
r  0.5( ) ft/s 2

v r 0
r v r  ft/s

Since v = 4 ft/s,
v  vr2  v2 4  0  ( ) 2

 4 rad/s
In a similar manner, can be found as follows:
 2 2 2
a r  r  0.5(4)  1(4)  24 ft/s
 2
r
a r  2r 1()  0  ft/s 2
2 2
a ar  a
30  ( 24) 2  () 2

 18 rad/s 2

Vectors a and v are shown


in Fig. (b).
Example 1.11
The searchlight in Fig. casts a spot of light along the
face of a wall that is located 100 m from the
searchlight. Determine the magnitudes of the
velocity and acceleration at which the spot appears
to travel across the wall at the instant  45o.
The searchlight is rotating at a constant rate of
 4 rad/s
r 100 / cos 100sec 
r 100(sec  tan  ) 
r 100[(sec  tan 2  ) ( ) 2  (sec 3  )( ) 2  (sec  tan  ) 

 4 rad/s = constant,  0


when  45o

o
r 100sec 45 141.4 m
r 100(sec 45o tan 45o ) (4) 565.7 m/s
r 100[(sec 45o tan 2 45o ) (4) 2  (sec 3 45o )(4) 2 6788.2 m/s 2
vr r 565.7 m/s

v r (141.4)( 4) 565.7 m/s


v 565.7u r  565.7u m/s
2 2
v  (565.7)  (565.7) 800 m/s
 2 2
ar r  r 6788.2  (141.4)( 4) 4525.5 m/s
 2

a r  2r 141.4(0)  2(565.7)( 4) 4525.5 m/s2


a 4525.5u r  4525.5u m/s 2
2 2 2
a  (4525.5)  (4525.5) 6400 m/s

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