GRAMMAR

WORKSHOP
 Follow these steps…
Step 1 : Read the question carefully.
Step 2 : Identify the grammar item
tested in the questions.
Circle the keywords.
Step 3 : Analyse the questions and
answers given.
Step 4 : Do the distractors
elimination process.
Circle the best answer.
 Question 1
___________ did you lend the book` to ?

A. Where

B. Whom WH
Questions
C. Whose

D. Which
 Relative Pronouns
Type Usage
• Relative Pronouns are used when joining two sentences together.
• We use relatives pronouns to describe more about the person or object we are talking about.

1. WHO is used for people

Examples :
1) The man who live in the bungalow is my uncle.
We use ‘who’ as the subject to refer to the ‘man’.

2. WHOM is used for people in formal language

Examples :
1) They hired the man whom we interviewed yesterday.
We use ‘whom’ as the object to refer to the ‘man’.

3. WHICH is used for things

Examples :
1) The car which my brother was driving last night was
my father’s.
We use ‘which’ as the object to refer to the ‘car’.
 Question 2
The pet shop worker
` __________feeding the cats
just` now.

A. is

B. was Subject
Verb
Agreement
C. are

D. were
 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
The subject of a sentence must agree with the verb.

SUBJECT VERBS

PRESENT PRESENT CONTINOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

SINGULAR PLURAL PAST TENSE
TENSE TENSE TENSE

am was am + verb + ing

was + verb + ing
do did
I Example:
have had Example :
I was eating just now.
play played I am eating now.

are were are + verb + ing were + verb + ing

do did Example:
You You
have had Example : You were eating just
play played You are eating now. now.

He
were + verb + ing
She Is was is + verb + ing
It Does did
Example:
Ahmad Has had Example :
You were eating just
The boy plays played He is eating now.
now.
The cat
 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT VERBS

PRESENT PRESENT CONTINOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

SINGULAR PLURAL PAST TENSE
TENSE TENSE TENSE

We are + verb + ing were + verb + ing

are were
They
do did
Ali and Abu Example:
have had
The boys Example : We were eating just
play played
The cats We are eating now. now.

Note:
Someone , each one , everyone, anyone, no one, somebody, everybody, anybody, nobody ( Singular / one )
Use root word after:
Will , would, can, could, may, might, does, do, did, shall, should, to, must

Remember : Use (-ing) after ‘will be’, ‘after’ and ‘before’

Example: He will be going to school by bus if it rains tomorrow.
After swimming, they were very hungry.
Before eating, they wash their hands.

Use ‘past participle’ after HAS / HAVE / HAD

Example : She has gone to school.
They had done the homework.
 Question 3
There isn’t _____________ oil left in the bottle.

A. any

B. some
C/UCN
Quantifiers
C. little

D. plenty of
 CN / UCN / QUANTIFIERS
ITEMS EXAMPLES QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns flowers, animals, oranges, tables, a, an, a few, many, several, a
chairs, boys, girls, tress, cars, rulers, large number of, some,
pens, dogs, pets, wig plenty of, any , a lot of

Uncountable Nouns milk, sugar, flour, oil, salt, sauce, a little, much, a great deal of,
food, coffee, tea, wood, bread, dust, a large number of, some,
butter, sand, gravy, furniture, plenty of, any, a lot of
luggage, fog
Note :
• isn’t / aren’t / wasn’t / weren’t / doesn’t / don’t/ didn’t
any
many / much

• too many / much

• only a few / a little
• in asking questions
any
 Question 4
She fell
` off her bicycle and __________ her
knees.

A. scratch

B. scratches The Simple

Past Tense

C. scratched

D. scratching
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES
a) To show an action Ali watered the plants at 8a.m. today.
that happened in the They gathered in the school hall this morning.
past. The girls cleaned the school compound just now.
b) Words usually used Yesterday, last ( night, week, month…), just now, an hour ago, a
are: few minutes ago, this morning
c) The simple past tense 1)By adding ‘d’ to the words ending in ‘e’.
is formed: Examples : bake – baked , dance – danced, like - liked
2)By adding ‘ed’ to the verb
Examples : clean – cleaned , climb - climbed , jump - jumped

3) By adding ‘ied’ to words ending with ‘y’ except when the ‘y’
follows a vowel.
Examples: burry – burried , carry – carried, hurry - hurried
4) By adding consonant + ‘ed’
Examples: chop – chopped , drop – dropped, stop - stopped
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES
c) The simple past tense 5) Without any changes
is formed: Examples : cut , spread , shut, put , cost
6) By changing the whole verb ( irregular verbs)
Examples : see – saw , catch – caught, bring - brought

• The simple past tense of ‘am’ and ‘is’ is ‘was’.

• The simple past tense of ‘are’ is ‘were’.
• ‘Was’ is used with ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns.
• ‘Were’ is used with ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.
 Question 5
The boys are busy painting _________school
` hall
because ______ important
` speaker will be
visiting soon.

A. the , a

B. a, an
Articles
C. the, an

D. a ,a
 a
ARTICLES an the
1. Singular countable 1. Singular countable 1. Singular and
nouns nouns plural, countable
& uncountable
nouns
2. Begin with consonants 2. Begin with vowel sound 2. Begin with
sound ( b,c,d,f,…….) ( a e i o u ) or a silent consonant and
or ‘h’ vowel
‘yu’ sound. sound
3. Mention for the first 3. Mention for the first 3. Same thing is
time. time. mentioned again.
Example : Example : Example :
I have a ball. The ball I have an apple. The • I have a ball. The
is apple is red. ball is red.
red.

Other examples : Other examples : 4. Used for particular

• a boy • an arrow nouns
• a car • an aeroplane Example:
• a deer • an architect I know the girl
• a frog • an apple who
• a glue • an alligator won the prize.
 ARTICLES
a an the
Other examples : Other examples : 5. Used before
• a helicopter • an eel superlatives
• a jug • an elbow Example:
• a kite • an estate • the tallest
• a lamp • an exit • the fastest
• a maid • an entrance • the most beautiful
• a net • An idiom 6. Used for things
• a pail • An island which are only one
• a queen • An idol of its kind.
• a rooster • An iron Example:
• a scarf • An octopus • the sun
• a tank • An origami • The moon
• a violin • An old man • The sky
• a whale • An orange • The world
• a xylophone • An umbrella • The queen of
• a yam • An uncle England
• a zip • The National
• A university, European Anthem
• The South Pole
 ARTICLES
Examination tips:

You don’t have to use articles

§ before the nouns of people and places, for example:

i) I met Alex last night.
ii) He studies in Japan.

§ before the names of games, for example:

i) We like to play golf.
ii) The children like playing badminton.
iii) Siti plays netball every Sunday morning.

§ before the names of meals, for example:

i) I eat fried chicken for lunch
ii) The pupils had two pieces of biscuits for supper.
 Question 6
“Please help _______ to the drinks,” Mrs. Anita
told the
` guests.

A. herself

B. ourselves Reflexive
Pronouns
C. themselves

D. yourselves
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
As Subject As Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I me my mine myself
You you your yours yourself
(singular)
You (plural) you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves
 Question 7
My father hasn’t come home _______ it is
already past 10 p.m.

A. although

B. furthermore
Conjunctions

C. so

D. because
 CONJUNCTIONS
We use conjunctions to join words, phrases or sentences.

TYPES USAGE EXAMPLES

a) Although We use although to join 1. John went to work although he

( walaupun ) two contrasting facts is sick.
b) And We use and to join words, 1. She is thirsty. She is tired.
( dan ) phrases or sentences. She is thirsty and tired.
c) But , yet We use but to join ideas 1. She wants to work but her
( tetapi ) that are opposite of each father won’t let her.
other.
d) Or We use or to show a choice 1. Do you want a piece of cake or
( atau ) between two things. some cookies?
e) If We use if to show 1. If we don’t go, she will be
( jika ) condition. upset.

f) So We use so to show result 1. They were early so they

( jadi , oleh itu ) watched television.
 CONJUNCTIONS
We use conjunctions to join words, phrases or sentences.

TYPES USAGE EXAMPLES

g) because We use because to show 1. Ali won the prize because he

( kerana ) reason. had all the correct answer.

h) Either …or Refer to a situation in 1. You can either walk up the

( sama ada, salah which there is a choice stairs or take the lift.
satu between two things.
i) Neither ….nor Say that two or more 1. Neither Ben nor Wati went to
( mahu pun , pun things are not true. school yesterday.
tidak )
j) Instead We use instead to show 1. You can use the blue book
( sebaliknya , other choice. instead the red one.
gantinya)
k) Since We use since to express 1. Since you are kind, I give you
( semenjak , cause and effect. this present.
memandangkan ) 2. We live here since 1979.
 Question 8
The headmaster scolded
` the boys ________
because he broke
` the window panes.

A. quietly

B. softly
Adverbs
C. calmly

D. furiously
VERBS ADVERBS
ADVERBS VERBS ADVERBS
a) APPOLOGIZE sincerely, sheepishly, humbly k) FROWN angrily, sulkily, worriedly

b) ASK nicely, humbly, politely l) GIVE generously, kindly, willingly

c) BEHAVE well, badly, rudely m) LEAVE finally, hurriedly, quietly

d) BLOW gently, strongly n) LAUGH heartily, happily, loudly,

helplessly
e) CLAP loudly, joyfully, excitedly o) LOOK blankly, shyly, longingly, lovingly

f) CRY bitterly, sadly, loudly p) RUN quickly, hurriedly, slowly

g) DRIVE carefully, carelessly, slowly, q) SING sweetly, softly, loudly, tunelessly

recklessly, cautiously
h) EAT hungrily, quickly, greedily, slowly r) SHOUT angrily, loudly, joyfully

i) FALL heavily, suddenly, accidently s) LISTEN carefully, attentively

j) FIGHT bravely, furiously t) SMILE Kindly, broadly, happily, sweetly

 Question 9
I always
` ___________up early in the morning.

A. getting

B. got
The Simple
C. gets Present Tense

D. get
 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES

1.When the action happens 1.Rizal wakes up early every morning.

all the time or habitually. 2.The children usually cycle to the library.
Words usually used are: 3.We always jog in the park.
every….., usually, sometimes, 4.Darren visits his grandparents in the weekends.
always, seldom, often.

2. When we state universal 1.The moon goes round the earth.

truths 2.Dolphins communicate through sounds.
3.The grass is green.
4.The sun sets in the west.

3. When we give instructions 1.Please arrange these on the shelf.

or directions 2.Draw an animal and colour it.
3.Please shut the door.
4.Walk along Jalan Meru until you reach to a junction.

4. When we refer to events, 1.My father works in a bank.

actions or situations which 2.Azlan lives in Kota Kinabalu.
are true at the present 3.I am ten years old.
time. 4.We are twins.
 Question 10
Haris put the ladder _______ the wall and climbed
______.

A. across , down

B. between , in
Prepositions

C. against, up

D. along , on
 PREPOSITIONS

The GestPrepo
 PREPOSITIONS
Means or
Accompaniment

• My grandfather killed • Rina goes to school by

with by car.
the snake with a stick.
• She cut the fish with a • We will send the file by
knife. email.

Description

• The lady with brown • The boy in white

with in shorts is my cousin.
hair is my aunty.
• The man with a green • The things were piled
shirt is my neighbour. in a heap
 Question 11
Timothy enjoys
` _____________ stamps.

A. collect

B. collected
Gerunds
C. collects

D. collecting
 GERUNDS
Gerunds are verbs ending in ‘ing’ which are used as
nouns. Look at the sentences below. Examples :

USAGE EXAMPLES

1.The hawker is very good at frying noodles.

After Prepositions 2.I am waiting eagerly to receiving your email.

1.Would you mind telling me the time?

In polite phrases 2.Do you think they would mind baby-sitting the baby?

1.We will go swimming in an hour’s time.

After the verbs ‘come’ 2.Will Ali come walking with us this evening?
and ‘go’
 GERUNDS

USAGE EXAMPLES

1.I prefer painting to drawing.

As an object of a verb 2.Ahmad enjoys fishing during the weekend.

1. Reading broadens your knowledge.

As a subject of a verb 2. Stealing is a crime.
 Question 12
__________ cows
` across` the field look so healthy.

A. This

B. That
Demonstative
C. These Pronouns

D. Those
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Type Usage
• We use demonstrative pronouns to “point” at people or things.

1. THIS Singular ( ini )(dekat)

Example :
This is my bag.

2. THAT Singular ( itu )(jauh)

Example :
That is my bag.

3. THESE Plural ( ini )(dekat)

Example :
These are my bags.

4. THOSE Plural( itu )(jauh)

Example :
Those are my bags.
 Question 13
How many
` _______ of bread do you need?

A. loaf

B. loafs
Singular
Plural
C. loafes

D. loaves
 Question 14
Uncle Zul has ___________ in his study
room.

A. a collections of books
Collective
B. a row of books Nouns

C. a string of books

D. a heap of books
 Question 15
We saw a ___________ of wolves
` chasing a rabbit
near Mr. Lim’s farm.

A. brood

B. school Collective
Nouns
C. pack

D. herd
COLLECTIVE NOUNS ( ANIMALS )
a pride of lions a troop of monkeys a pride / troop of lions
a herd / drove of cattle a brood of chickens a string / stud of
horses
a swarm of bees a nest of mice , rabbits a swarm / plague of
insects, locusts
a litter of kittens ; puppies a shoal of fish , herring a train of camels
a school of whales a hive of bees a congregation of
alligators
a flock of sheep , birds, a gaggle of geese a family of beavers
goats, sheep
a team of horses ; oxen a herd of buffaloes , a cluster of cats
elephants
a pack of wolves a host of sparrows an army of
caterpillars
a flight of swallows a mob of kangaroos an intrusion of
cockroaches
a padding of ducks a coterie of dogs a herd / zeal of zebras
 Question 16
Puan Irma took a ___________ of pupils
` to the
Science Centre this morning.

A. party

B. class Collective
Nouns
C. gang

D. crowd
 Question 17
`
Amin and Arif ate ___________ sandwiches in a
hurry.

A. their

B. our Possessive
Adjectives

C. my

D. her
 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
As Subject As Object Possessive Possessive Reflective
Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I me my mine myself
You you your yours yourself
(singular)
You (plural) you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves
 Question 18
`
Zahara and I are sisters. ___________ enjoy
playing badminton.

A. I

B. You
Personal
Pronouns
C. We

D. They
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
As Subject As Object Possessive Possessive Reflective
Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I me my mine myself
You you your yours yourself
(singular)
You (plural) you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves
 Question 19
They have completed their puzzle but
` we have

not solved _________.

A. hers

B. theirs
Possessive
Pronouns
C. its

D. ours
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
As Subject As Object Possessive Possessive Reflective
Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I me my mine myself
You you your yours yourself
(singular)
You (plural) you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
they them their theirs themselves
 Question 20
Did Atiyya
` do this by ____________?

A. herself

B. ourselves
Reflexive
Pronouns
C. himself

D. itself
 Question 21
The grateful
` maid __________ Puan Sarah for her
kindness.

A. is thanking

B. are thanking Pr.

Continuous
Tense
C. was thanking

D. were thanking
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES

a) Formula :
Subject + verb to be ( am,is,are ) + verb + ing

b) We use the present They are waiting for you now.

continuous tense for She is watching television now.
actions taking place at The bears and its cubs are returning to their den now.
the time of speaking.
( sedang berlaku )

Word usually used

is : now

c) We also use it for I am visiting my uncle tomorrow.

actions that are going She is coming to our house next week.
to happen in the near They are sitting for the exam next month.
future. My friends and classmates are planning to celebrate my
birthday this Saturday.
 Question 22
Miss Vijaya _________ me since
` 2006.

A. had known

B. have known Past

Participle
C. known

D. Was known
 Question 23
The workers _________ the milk containers to
the van `just now.

A. carry
The Simple
B. carried Past Tense

C. carries

D. carrying
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES
a) To show an action Ali watered the plants at 8a.m. today.
that happened in the They watered in the school hall this morning.
past. The girls watered the school compound just now.
b) Words usually used Yesterday, last ( night, week, month…), just now, an hour ago, a
are: few minutes ago, this morning
c) The simple past tense 1)By adding ‘d’ to the words ending in ‘e’.
is formed: Examples : bake – baked , dance – danced, like - liked
2)By adding ‘ed’ to the verb
Examples : clean – cleaned , climb - climbed , jump - jumped

3) By adding ‘ied’ to words ending with ‘y’ except when the ‘y’
follows a vowel.
Examples: burry – burried , carry – carried, hurry - hurried
4) By adding consonant + ‘ed’
Examples: chop – chopped , drop – dropped, stop - stopped
 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES
c) The simple past tense 5) Without any changes
is formed: Examples : cut , spread , spread, put , cost
6) By changing the whole verb ( irregular verbs)
Examples : see – saw , catch – caught, bring - brought

• The simple past tense of ‘am’ and ‘is’ is ‘was’.

• The simple past tense of ‘are’ is ‘were’.
• ‘Was’ is used with ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns.
• ‘Were’ is used with ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.
 Question 24
My sisters were so tired that they _____ to sleep
early
` last night.

A. go
The Simple
B. went Past Tense

C. goes

D. going
 Question 25
I will
` ____________ both of you at the entrance

after school.

A. meet

B. meets The Simple

Future

C. met

D. meeting
 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES

a) Formula :
Subject + will / shall + root verb

b) We use the simple 1. Our examination will start next Monday.

future tense for 2. The little girl will scream if she sees a rat.
planned actions that 3. Zafri will pass his driving test soon.
have yet to be 4. I shall mop the floor after the party has ended.
carried. 5. We shall visit Uncle Osman in the hospital this evening.

Shall is usually used

for the pronouns I and
we, whereas will is
used for other.
 Question 26
My father thinks I should
` __________more about
our country.

A. knew

B. know Modals

C. knows

D. knowing
 Question 27
Mrs. Mohan wears ______________ to wash her
car.

A. rubber pink gloves

Order of
B. pink rubber gloves Adjectives

C. gloves pink rubber

D. gloves rubber pink

 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
USAGE EXAMPLES

a) Formula :
Subject + will / shall + root verb

b) We use the simple 1. Our examination will start next Monday.

future tense for 2. The little girl will scream if she sees a rat.
planned actions that 3. Zafri will pass his driving test soon.
have yet to be 4. I shall mop the floor after the party has ended.
carried. 5. We shall visit Uncle Osman in the hospital this evening.

Shall is usually used

for the pronouns I and
we, whereas will is
used for other.