+

Introduction to
Computer Organization and
Architecture (COA)
+ 2

Explore Hardware
Do it Yourself
 Right click the Computer item in the Start Menu
 Choose Properties
 You can see information about the CPU, Ram capacity,
OS
 Choose the item
 Choose the tag Hardware in the System Properties
window
 Click the button Device Manager
 Expand the item Processors in the Device Manager
window you can see information about processors in
your computer
+ 3

Explore Hardware
Do it Yourself
 Type Ctrl + Alt + Delete
 Choose Start Task Manager
 In the Windows Task Manager window,
 Choose the tab Applications, count number of running
applications
 Choose the tab Processes
 Click the button Show processes from all users at the bottom
of the window, count number of running processes.

 You knew number of processors in your computer and

number of running processes.
 In average, how many processes are executed by one processor?
 How some processes can run on one processor?
+ 4

Why should COA be

studied?
Course Objectives
 Important questions:
 How are computers organized?
 How are computers made?
 How are combinational circuits made?
 How may we understand the way computers
work?
 How can computers allow many programs
running concurrently?
 What are answers for above questions?
+ 5

Course Resource
 Book: William Stallings, 2012, Computer Organization
and Architecture: Design for Performance, 9th
Edition, Prentice Hall.
 Tool: MASM32 SDK version 11(masm32v11r.zip),
MASM64

Free Download Link:

http://www.masm32.com/

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1265
4

http://www.windows8downloads.com/win8-masm-64.html

MASM 64( Important): Make sure you have Visual C++ 2005 Express
+ 6

Course Description
 Chapter 1: Introduction
 Chapter2: Computer Evolution and
Performance"
 Chapter
3: A Top-Level View of
Computer Function and Interconnection
 Memories
 Chapter 4: Cache Memory
 Chapter 5: Internal Memory
 Chapter 6: External Memory
+ 7

Course Description

 Chapter 7: Input/Output
 Chapter 8: Operating System Support
 Chapter 11: Digital Logic
 Instruction Set of CPU
 Chapter 12: Instruction Sets: Characteristics and
Functions
 Chapter 13: Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes
and Formats, Assembly Language
+ 8

Course Description

CPUs
 Chapter 14: Processor Structure and
Function
 Chapter 15: Reduced Instruction Set
Computers
 Chapter 16: Instruction-Level
Parallelism and Superscalar
Processors
 Chapter 17: Parallel Processing
 Chapter 18: Multicore Computers
+ 9

Course plan

 See it on CMS
+ 10

Course Rules
 How to conduct
 Prepare contents of the next session at home
 Following lessons in classrooms
 Completing chapter assessment in time and Quizzes (via CMS)

 Communication
 Class
 Interchange by FU-HCM CMS, Forum
 Discussing actively in your teams and in classrooms
 Free to question and answer

 Others

 Off phone/ No game, no chat in class

 Use laptops under teacher’s instruction
+ 11

Evaluation Strategy
 Must attend more than 80% of contact hours
(if not, not allow to take exam).
 Evaluating
 4 Exercises (E) 30 %
 2 Assignment (A) 30% ( Assembly programs)
 Final Exam (FE) 40 %
 Total score=30%(E)+30%(A)+40% (FE)
 Pass: All on-going assessment > 0 and Total score ≥ 5
and Final Examination ≥ 4 (of 10)
 Retake only the Final Exam when not passed
+ 12

How to study?

This course is complex knowledge (however, it’s attractive and
exciting), so you need to keep tight grip on it
 Read
 On the books to get the general concept
 Reference, study, collection from anywhere else (internet, your classmate,
forum …)
 Attend lectures
 Listens, understand, then make your own notes
 Give your explanation about some topic in lectures
 Ask questions
 Practice all the exercises, demo to make your sense
 After classes
 Discuss your classmate in directly, on forum
 Do the lab, assignments to submit via CMS, and do more exercises
 Build your teams in yourselves to support together in studying
+ 13

Academic Policy
 Cheating, plagiarism and breach of copyright are
serious offenses under this Policy.
 Cheating
 Cheating during a test or exam is construed as talking, peeking at
another student’s paper or any other clandestine method of transmitting
information.
 Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is using the work of others without citing it; that is, holding
the work of others out as your own work.
 Breach of Copyright
 If you photocopy a textbook without the copyright holder's permission,
you violate copyright law.
+ 14

Enjoy the Course

 Be enthusiastic about the material because it is

interesting, useful and an important part of your
training as an IT engineer.
 We will do our best but we need your help.
 So let’s all have fun together with COA!!!
+

Chapter 1: Introduction
William Stallings, Computer Organization
and Architecture. 9th Edition
+ 16

Objectives

 Why should we study this chapter?

 Distinguishingarchitecture and organization
 What is a hierachical system?
 What are basic computer functions?
 What are main structural components of the
computer?

System: an assemblage of related parts in which

there exists an operating mechanism.
Hierarchical system: a system in which each part
have a level but without a like or equal
+ 17

Contents

 1.1- Organization and Architecture.

 1.2- Structure and functions
 18
1.1- Computer Organization and Architecture

• Attributes of a • Instruction
system visible to set, number of
the programmer bits used to
• Have a direct represent various
data types, I/O
impact(affect) on
mechanisms,
the logical Architectura
Computer
l attributes techniques for
execution of a Architecture
include: addressing
program
memory
Differences:

Organizatio
Computer
nal
• Hardware details Organizatio
attributes
n • The
transparent to the include:
programmer, control operational
signals, interfaces units and their
between the interconnectio
computer and ns that realize
peripherals, memory the architectural
technology used specifications
+ 19

Read by yourself:
IBM System/370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without
having to abandon (chối bỏ) original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain
the same architecture so that the customer’s software
investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s
mainframe product line

 More details: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/370

+ 20

Building Block

 Who are interested in computers with

architectral look?
 Whoare interested in computers with
organizational look?
+ 21

1.2- Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system  Structure
 Set of interrelated  The way in which
subsystems (modules) components relate to
each other
 Hierarchical nature of
complex systems is  Function
essential to both their  The operation of
design and their description
individual components as
 Designer need only deal part of the structure
with a particular level of the
system at a time
 Concerned with structure
and function at each level

Modularity is the degree to which system's

components may be separated and recombined
Module is a specific discrete thing/named code/circuit
which has it’s own function to use
+ Apparatus:
Things
Functions provided as
means to
some end
 A computer can (peripherals
)
perform four basic
functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
+  Open the Notepad
application
 Inputtext to this
application
 Minimize
the Notepad
Practical & window and all opened
Discussion windows to the task bar
 Type the keyboard the
text: “I hate you”
 Give
your explanation
about things happened
+
Operations Peripheral 1 Peripheral 2
(a)
Data movement
+Operations External
environment

(b)
Data storage read

write

Building block:
Why data from an
external device can
not move to storage
automatically?
+
Operations

(c)
Data movement

Building block:
Open the Calculator read
to compute some
numeric operations.
Give your
explanation write
compute
+

Operations

(d)
Control
 28

linkages

The
Compute
r
 29
1+2

1 + 2
3

Structure
Try to verify
+
CPU – controls the
operation of the computer
There are four and performs its data
main structural processing functions
components
of the computer:  Main Memory – stores
data
 I/O – moves data between
the computer and its
external environment
 System Interconnection
– some mechanism that
provides for communication
among CPU, main memory,
+  Control Unit
CPU  Controls the operation of the CPU
and hence the computer
Major structural  Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:  Performs the computer’s data
processing function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the
CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides
for communication among the
control unit, ALU, and registers
+ 32

Exercises
(Write your answers to your
notebook)
 1.1 What, in general terms, is the distinction
between computer organization and computer
architecture?
 1.2 What, in general terms, is the distinction
between computer structure and computer
function?
 1.3 What are the four main functions of a
computer?
 1.4 List and briefly define the main structural
components of a computer.

+ Summary
33

Introduction

Chapter 1
 Computer Organization
 Structure
 CPU
 Computer Architecture  Main memory
 Function
 I/O
 Data processing
 System interconnection
 Data storage  CPU structural components
 Data movement  Control unit
 Control  ALU
 Registers
 CPU interconnection
+ 34

Internet Resources
- Web site for book
 http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html
 Links to sites of interest
 Links to sites for courses that use the book
 Errata list for book
 Information on other books by W. Stallings

 http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.ht
ml
 Math
 How-to
 Research resources
 Misc