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15-HTTP-and-FTP-13032025-011300pm

The document provides an overview of the Application Layer in networking, focusing on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its role in web browsing. It explains the client/server model, the use of web browsers to request and display web pages, and the function of various application protocols like FTP and SMTP. Additionally, it discusses HTTP cookies and caching mechanisms to enhance web performance.

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2 views10 pages

15-HTTP-and-FTP-13032025-011300pm

The document provides an overview of the Application Layer in networking, focusing on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its role in web browsing. It explains the client/server model, the use of web browsers to request and display web pages, and the function of various application protocols like FTP and SMTP. Additionally, it discusses HTTP cookies and caching mechanisms to enhance web performance.

Uploaded by

husnainsaeed4321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application Layer

Computer
Networking: A Top
Down Approach,
4th edition.
Jim Kurose, Keith
Ross
Addison-Wesley, July
2007.

2: Application Layer 1
HTTP overview

HTTP: hypertext
transfer protocol HT
TP
requ
 Web’s application layer H
PC running TT est
Pr
protocol Explorer esp
ons
 client/server model e

 client: browser that


e st
u
requests, receives, req se Server
T P n
“displays” Web HT spo running
r e
objects T TP Apache Web
H server
 server: Web server
sends objects in
Mac running
response to requests Navigator

2: Application Layer 2
HTTP WEB Browsing
 Clients use browser application to send URL’s via
HTTP to servers requesting a Web page.
 Web pages constructed using HTML /XML and
consist of text, graphics, sounds plus embedded
files Servers (or caches) respond with requested
Web page.
 Client’s browser renders Web page returned by
server
 Web Page is written using Hyper Text Markup
Language (HTML)
 Displays text, graphics and sound in browser
 The entire system runs over standard networking
protocols (TCP/IP, DNS)

2: Application Layer 3
Internet apps: application, transport protocols

Application Underlying
Application layer protocol transport protocol

e-mail SMTP [RFC 2821] TCP


remote terminal access Telnet [RFC 854] TCP
Web HTTP [RFC 2616] TCP
file transfer FTP [RFC 959] TCP
streaming multimedia HTTP (eg Youtube), TCP or UDP
RTP [RFC 1889]
Internet telephony SIP, RTP, proprietary
(e.g., Skype) typically UDP

2: Application Layer 4
HTTP COOKIES

2: Application Layer 5
HTTP COOKIES

2: Application Layer 6
HTTP CACHING

2: Application Layer 7
Web caches (proxy server)
Goal: satisfy client request without involving origin server

 user sets browser: origin


server
Web accesses via
cache Proxy
HT st
 browser sends all HTTP TP
req server reque
H ues se
requests to cache client TTP t T TP on
H
re s
pon r esp
 object in cache: cache se H TTP
e st
returns object u
req se
P n
 else cache requests HT
T
spo
e
object from origin T Pr
server, then returns HT
object to client client
origin
server

2: Application Layer 8
FTP (FILE TRANSFER
PROTOCOL)
 FTP stands for File transfer protocol.
 FTP is a standard internet protocol provided by
TCP/IP used for transmitting the files from one
host to another.
 It is mainly used for transferring the web page
files from their creator to the computer that acts
as a server for other computers on the internet.
 It is also used for downloading the files to
computer from other servers.
 Although we can transfer files using HTTP, FTP is
a better choice to transfer large files or to
transfer files using different formats.
9
FTP OBJECTIVES
 It provides the sharing of files.
 It is used to encourage the use of
remote computers.
 It transfers the data more reliably and
efficiently.

10

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