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Intro to File System

The document provides an overview of the UNIX File System, explaining its structure, types of files, and methods for creating and managing the file system. It describes the organization of the file system in a tree structure, the various file types including regular files, directories, and device files, as well as file permissions and inode management. Key commands such as mount, umount, and chmod are also highlighted for file system operations.

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2 views15 pages

Intro to File System

The document provides an overview of the UNIX File System, explaining its structure, types of files, and methods for creating and managing the file system. It describes the organization of the file system in a tree structure, the various file types including regular files, directories, and device files, as well as file permissions and inode management. Key commands such as mount, umount, and chmod are also highlighted for file system operations.

Uploaded by

amanasa1602
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The UNIX File System

By
Ankan Bhowmik
Dept of BCA,M.Sc(CS)
Introduction
• What is File System?
– The abstraction used by kernel to represent and
organize the storage resources.
• UNIX File System in general
– File system is organized in tree structure.
– File tree can be arbitrarily deep.
– File name must NOT LONGER than 256 chars.
– Single path name must NOT LONGER than 1023
chars.
Creating File System

• Mounting File System


– File tree is composed of File System
– Use mount command to map a directory within
the existing file tree (mount point) to the root of
the new file system.
• mount /dev/hda2 /usr
– Use umount command to detach the file system.
• Detaching will fail if the file system is busy.
File Structure(Tree like)
Organizing of The File System
(cont.)
/ The root directory
/bin or /sbin Commands for basic
system operation
/dev Device entries
/etc Critical startup and
configuration files.
/lib Library for the C
compiler
/tmp Temporary files
/var/adm or /var/log Accounting file, log
files
Types of Files

• Regular Files
– binary
• GIF, JPEG, Executable etc.
– text
• scripts, program source code, documentation
– Supports sequential and random access
Types of Files (cont.)

• Directory
– Can contain ANY kind of files
• Device File
– Allows programs to communicate with
hardware.
– Kernel modules handles device management.
Types of Files (cont.)

• Device Files (cont.)


– Character Device
• Accepts a stream of characters, without regard to
any block structure.
• It is not addressable, therefore no seek operation
– Block Device
• Information stored in fixed-sized block
• It is addressable, therefore seek operation is
possible.
Types of Files (cont.)

• UNIX Domain Sockets (BSD)


– sockets that are local to a particular host and are
referenced through a file system object rather
than a network port.
– X windows
• Named Pipe
– Allow processes to communicate with each
other.
Types of Files (cont.)
• Hard links
– Linking files by reference
– System maintains a count of the number of links
– Does not work across file systems.
• Soft links
– Linking files by name
– No counter is maintained
– Work across file system
Types of Files (cont.)

• Sticky Bit
– Not very popular in today’s system
– If a directory has sticky bit set, then only the
owner can remove file from the directory.
– /tmp is a good example.
Types of Files (cont.)

• The Permission Bit


– 9 permission bits used to determine 3 types of
accesses, READ, WRITE, EXECUTE.
– Permission can be set based on GROUP,
OWNER, ANYONE ELSE.
– Use chmod command to change permission
Types of Files (cont.)
• INODES
– Kernel maintains file information in a structure
called inode.
• Creation, modification time stamps
• Ownership, file size etc.
– Commonly used INODE information can be
found by using ls command
– Group information and be modified by using
chgrp command.
INODE ENTRY EXAMPLE
THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

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