RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction to Research
1 Dr. Ananta Ojha, Professor
Session -4
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 Research Problem
 Selecting a Research Problems
 WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROBLEM ? Definition:
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 A research problem is a gap in existing knowledge, a contradiction in an
established theory, or practical situation / a real-world challenge that a
researcher aims to address in their research.
 You may choose to look for practical problems aimed at contributing to
change, or theoretical problems aimed at expanding knowledge.
 A research problem is a specific question, problem, or difficulty that
needs to be investigated or analyzed.
 It is a concise statement that expresses the difference between what is
currently known and what needs to be known or the difference between a
current situation and a desired state.
 A Research Problem is the heart of any scientific inquiry; it is the
foundation of any research project, and a well-formulated research
problem is required for any research study to be successful.
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Why is the research problem
important?
 Writing a research problem is the first step in a research project. Without a
well-defined research problem, you are likely to end up with an unfocused
and unmanageable project.
 You might end up repeating what other people have already said, trying to
do research without a clear purpose and justification. You need a clear
problem to do research that contributes new and relevant knowledge
applicable in a real-world context.
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Selecting a Research Problem
The criteria which should be kept in mind when selecting a research problem:
• The researcher should have interest in the problem area.
• The selected problem should be of practical value / theoretical importance and fill gaps in
literature. People, organization, society should benefit from it.
• It should not be over researched. Peer recognition of it is importance. It should meet publication
standards.
• It should be within your experience and expertise. The solution to the research problem should be
practicable. The problem should enhance and broaden researchers’ knowledge and skills in
research.
• It can be finished within the allotted time.
• It should not carry legal or moral impediments.
• Data should be accessible.
• The research problem should of sufficient magnitude and scope to fulfill the requirements that
motivate the study.
• It should contribute to the advancement of knowledge
 Characteristics of a Research
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Problem
Knowing the characteristics of a research problem is instrumental in formulating a research inquiry; take a look at the five
key characteristics below:

1. Novel: An ideal research problem introduces a fresh perspective, offering something new to the existing body
of knowledge. It should contribute original insights and address unresolved matters or essential knowledge.
2. Significant: A problem should hold significance in terms of its potential impact on theory, practice, policy, or
the understanding of a particular phenomenon. It should be relevant to the field of study, addressing a gap in
knowledge, a practical concern, or a theoretical dilemma that holds significance.
3. Feasible: A practical research problem allows for the formulation of hypotheses and the design of research
methodologies. A feasible research problem is one that can realistically be investigated given the available
resources, time, and expertise. It should not be too broad or too narrow to explore effectively, and should be
measurable in terms of its variables and outcomes.
4. Clear and specific: A well-defined research problem is clear and specific, leaving no room for ambiguity; it
should be easily understandable and precisely articulated. Ensuring specificity in the problem ensures that it is
focused, addresses a distinct aspect of the broader topic and is not vague.
5. Rooted in evidence: A good research problem leans on trustworthy evidence and data, while dismissing
unverifiable information. It must also consider ethical guidelines, ensuring the well-being and rights of any
individuals or groups involved in the study.
 How to Define a Research Problem
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 You might now ask “How to define a research problem?” These are the general steps to follow:
 Look for a broad problem area: Identify under-explored aspects or areas of concern, or a controversy in your topic of
interest. Evaluate the significance of addressing the problem in terms of its potential contribution to the field, practical
applications, or theoretical insights.
 Learn more about the problem: Read the literature, starting from historical aspects to the current status and latest
updates. Rely on reputable evidence and data. Be sure to consult researchers who work in the relevant field, mentors,
and peers. Do not ignore the gray literature on the subject.
 Identify the relevant variables and how they are related: Consider which variables are most important to the
study and will help answer the research question. Once this is done, you will need to determine the relationships
between these variables and how these relationships affect the research problem.
 Think of practical aspects: Deliberate on ways that your study can be practical and feasible in terms of time and
resources. Discuss practical aspects with researchers in the field and be open to revising the problem based on
feedback. Refine the scope of the research problem to make it manageable and specific; consider the resources
available, time constraints, and feasibility.
 Formulate the problem statement: Craft a concise problem statement that outlines the specific issue, its
relevance, and why it needs further investigation.
 Stick to plans, but be flexible: When defining the problem, plan ahead but adhere to your budget and timeline. At
the same time, consider all possibilities and ensure that the problem and question can be modified if needed.
  Step 1: Identify a broad problem area
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 Read and hold discussions about the topic of your interest, identify areas with
insufficient information, look for under-explored aspects or areas of concern,
conflict, or controversy. Your goal is to find a gap that your research project
can offer a meaningful solution.
 You might look for:
 Efficiency and performance-related issues within an organization /technology.
 Areas or processes that can be improved in the organization.
 Matters of concern among practitioners in the field of study.
 Challenges faced by specific groups of people in society.
 A phenomenon or context that has not been extensively studied
 A contradiction between two or more perspectives
 A situation or relationship that is not well understood
 A bothersome scenario, situation or question that remains resolved
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THANK YOU

Any questions…?